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Facility Requirements and Supporting Technologies for Environmentally Safe Houses
With the continuous growth of our country's economy, societal demands for the safety of livestock and poultry products and environmental protection have significantly increased. Controlling drug residues and diseases in these products has become a major concern for society. The challenges posed by health and epidemic prevention, market globalization, and green trade barriers have placed immense pressure on the domestic chicken industry. When traditional immunization and medication efforts fail, the level of facility-based epidemic control becomes crucial, not only for disease experts but also for environmental specialists. It is now a key technical focus for chicken company CEOs.
From an epidemiological perspective, relying solely on traditional environmental control methods and management practices to prevent outbreaks is often ineffective or insufficient. Therefore, a comprehensive technical system that integrates disease prevention, environmental control, and real-time disinfection of feed and water is essential. In response to new requirements, most existing chicken farms must undergo renovations, while new farms should adopt advanced quarantine systems to meet the standards of environmentally safe chicken farming.
The construction of an environmentally safe chicken farm requires strict control over pathogenic microorganisms in air, feed, drinking water, and manure, as well as ensuring optimal conditions for the comfort of the chickens through proper temperature, lighting, and noise control. To achieve this, the following design and technological strategies should be implemented:
1. **Air Quality Control Technology**
- **Inlet Air Purification**: The air entering the chicken house must be purified and sterilized to prevent airborne diseases. Equipment like the DJM-110A-type air purifier, which uses corona discharge technology, can effectively remove dust, bacteria, and viruses from incoming air.
- **In-House Air Quality Management**: Dust and harmful gases inside the house, such as ammonia, volatile fatty acids, and other odorous compounds, pose serious threats to chicken health. A space electric field control network can significantly reduce dust and harmful gas concentrations, improving overall air quality.
- **Exhaust Gas Control**: Installing electric gas purifiers at exhaust ports prevents contaminated air from re-entering the house. These purifiers operate similarly to those at the inlet and help maintain clean air circulation.
- **Manure Channel Ventilation**: Proper ventilation at manure outlets is essential to prevent the spread of pathogens. Electric purifiers installed at these points ensure a safer environment.
2. **Chicken House Design**
- **Structural Safety**: The height of the chicken house should be at least 2.8 meters to ensure safe operation of epidemic prevention equipment and proper air circulation.
- **Cage Arrangement**: Cages should be spaced appropriately (with an S/h ratio of around 1.3) to maximize the efficiency of the electric field control network. Placing cages directly against walls is discouraged, as it creates areas where pathogens and harmful gases accumulate.
- **Ventilation Calculation**: Proper ventilation volume must be calculated based on the weight of the chickens to ensure adequate air exchange.
- **Temperature Regulation**: The temperature in the chicken house varies depending on the age of the chicks. Effective temperature control methods, such as ecological cooling with greenhouses or wet curtain systems, are crucial to avoid stress and improve immunity.
- **Lighting and Noise Control**: Natural light sources like glass sunroofs and side windows enhance energy efficiency. Noise reduction measures are also important to minimize stress on the birds.
3. **Feed and Water Disinfection**
- Contaminated feed is a major source of disease transmission. Dry feed sterilization using dielectric powder technology is a promising solution, though further research is needed on its impact on vitamins.
- For drinking water, ozone generators are not suitable due to low flow rates in nipple systems. Acid-alkaline water generators offer a safer alternative without chemical residue.
4. **Manure Disposal Methods**
- Mechanical excrement removal is efficient, especially when using durable materials like stainless steel. Gravity-based drainage systems, which rely on the high moisture content of manure, are a modern and cost-effective option.
- Electro-hydraulic treatment of stored manure is an innovative method that reduces odor and kills pathogens efficiently, making it ideal for waste management in environmentally safe farms.
By implementing these advanced technologies and design principles, the chicken industry can significantly improve animal health, reduce disease outbreaks, and meet growing environmental and food safety standards.
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