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Difficulties and Difficulties in Promoting Mechanized Transplanting Technology
Mechanized rice transplanting has significantly enhanced work efficiency and reduced the physical burden on farmers. However, many still lack confidence in the performance and operation of these machines, which makes them hesitant to purchase them, thus slowing down the adoption process.
First, agronomy plays a crucial role. Some farmers believe that mechanized transplanting may reduce yields. They think manual planting allows for denser or wider spacing, which they assume helps maximize land use. However, this is a misconception. Wide-line dense planting is actually a scientifically designed method that is now widely used in domestic transplanters, with row spacing typically around 30 cm. This approach does not lower production; instead, it can boost yield and income. Why? First, wide-line planting improves air circulation and sunlight exposure, promoting faster growth, more tillering, and stronger seedlings, which increases the yield per plant. Second, mechanized transplanting reduces labor costs, improves seedling survival rates, and lowers input expenses, leading to higher profitability.
Raising healthy seedlings is a key challenge in mechanized transplanting. Proper training is essential—once farmers understand the technology and follow the guidelines, the process becomes manageable.
1. Timely nursery preparation ensures strong, high-density seedlings. Choose well-drained fields, sunny and fertile areas, preferably dry land or vegetable plots that are easy to access. Use a 1:100 ratio of seedbed to field area. Prepare the bed soil using mature, cultivated soil from vegetable gardens or after autumn plowing. Select high-yield hybrid rice varieties that are early-maturing and disease-resistant. Based on a 25–30 day seedling age, calculate the sowing date. The seeding process includes: laying perforated plastic film → filling with soil → sowing seeds → covering with soil → arching the film → placing rat poison. Seedlings should be 10–13 cm tall with a density of 8–10 plants per square centimeter.
2. Choose appropriate seedling management methods. Farmers can opt for commercial seedling services, where they pay agricultural technicians to handle everything, or choose family-based seedling cultivation with guidance from experts. This gives farmers more control over their own planting schedules.
Second, machine transplanting. Some farmers worry that mechanized transplanters might damage seedlings. For walk-behind models, the operator walking along the path may slightly affect seedling placement, but it doesn’t harm the roots or reduce yield. For ride-on models, even though the weight is greater, the large contact area distributes pressure evenly, minimizing any impact on the seedlings. Mechanized transplanting requires flat, level fields with a height difference of no more than 3 cm, soft but firm topsoil, and no weeds or debris. These conditions ensure stable seedling placement and better growth.
Key steps for successful mechanized transplanting:
1. Unified operations. Conduct proper communication with farmers to gain their support and cooperation, enabling concentrated planting areas and smoother machine operations, which improves efficiency.
2. Timely field irrigation. Level the field two to three days before transplanting and drain excess water to reduce soil moisture. Place the seedlings in a 1–2 cm water layer one day or the same day. This helps the machine move smoothly and prevents excessive moisture from causing soil compaction, which could lead to seedlings falling over and reducing transplant quality and efficiency. Ensure the topsoil moisture is between 15–20 cm deep.
Third, management is critical.
1. Operator training. Before transplanting, train operators to understand the machine’s functions, operation basics, and maintenance procedures, so they can quickly resolve minor issues and maintain efficiency.
2. Sign an operation contract. Farmers and operators must agree on responsibilities, service scope, and fees. Agricultural departments should oversee and guide the process to ensure transparency and accountability.
3. Equip with the right machinery. Based on daily workload and local transplanting season, allocate one transplanter for every 7–10 hectares of rice field. This ensures efficient operation without delaying the planting schedule.
4. Maintain the machine. Before transplanting, conduct a full inspection and maintenance, especially checking the planting arms. After use, clean the machine thoroughly for future reuse. Keeping equipment in good condition is essential for smooth and effective operations.
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