Cultivation Techniques of Astragalus membranaceus

Cultivation Techniques of Astragalus membranaceus

Astragalus, commonly known as Koi or Jinhuang, is a leguminous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. In Heilongjiang Province's "Northern Drug Development" project, the selected variety is the Northeast Yellow Scutellaria (Astragalus membranaceus), a perennial herb that grows 50–80 cm tall. It is a genuine medicinal root used in traditional Chinese medicine, known for its ability to strengthen qi, promote diuresis, reduce swelling, and aid in wound healing. It is widely used for conditions such as spontaneous sweating, night sweats, qi deficiency, blood stasis, spleen weakness, diarrhea, fistulas, and general weakness. For cultivating Astragalus, it is important to choose deep-rooted crops with loose, fertile, well-drained soil. Sandy loam that is slightly acidic or neutral, such as Xiangyang Gaozao, is ideal for planting on plains or sunny slopes. Prior to planting, it’s recommended to grow grass crops first. In early spring, use a rotary tiller or a four-wheel chisel plow to create deep ridges over 35 cm deep. This improves soil conservation and increases seedling emergence by 20–30%. Deepening the tillage layer enhances root development, increases root thickness, and reduces branching, which improves both yield and quality. Apply organic fertilizer (3,000–4,000 kg/667m²), compound fertilizer (15% N, P, K) at 20 kg, and 1 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer as base fertilizer into the top 15 cm of soil. Seeds are typically sown using the broadcasting method. Spring sowing should be done before the "Qingming" festival, and autumn sowing before the "Bai Lu" period. Create furrows 8–10 cm deep, apply 3 kg of compound fertilizer and 10 kg of seed fertilizer per 667 m², then mix with 5 cm of soil. After treading, sow the treated seeds evenly and cover them with 3–5 cm of soil. Sowing rate is generally 2–3 kg per 667 m². Seedlings should be thinned when they reach 5–7 cm in height, leaving one strong plant every 8–10 cm. If gaps occur, transplant young seedlings. Weeding is crucial during early growth stages, especially when seedlings are around 5 cm tall. Perform weeding and cultivation twice more as the plants grow. From the second year, weed once in May, June, and September. Top-dressing should be done annually during the first and second years of growth, applying 1,000 kg of manure or 8 kg of three-element compound fertilizer per 667 m². In winter, apply 10 kg of three-element compound fertilizer and 150 kg of cake fertilizer per 667 m². Topping the plants before late July helps control growth and improve yield. Pest management includes controlling powdery mildew with 25% Triadimefon or Bordeaux mixture. For "red root disease," remove infected plants, rotate crops, and disinfect the soil with carbendazim or chlorpromazine. Aphids can be controlled with dimethoate or emulsifiable concentrate. Pod borers are managed by spraying dichlorvos during flowering. Harvesting occurs in the second year, when fruits turn yellow and brown. Seeds should be collected promptly to avoid loss from cracking. After drying and threshing, select high-quality seeds through winnowing or water separation. Properly stored seeds maintain good germination rates. Harvesting is best done in mid to late September. Carefully dig up the roots, avoiding damage. Wash, trim, and dry the roots partially, then pile them for a day to regain moisture. Repeat drying until fully dry. Bundle the roots for medicinal use. High-quality roots are straight, with a yellow-white cross-section, slight wrinkles, and a sweet taste. On average, 300 kg of dried product can be obtained per 667 m².

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