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Control measures of brown spot of Agaricus bisporus
Brown spot disease is a common issue in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as button mushrooms. This condition can significantly reduce both the quality and yield of the mushrooms, causing economic losses for growers. The disease is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas torquata, which is why it's also referred to as bacterial brown spot. The pathogen is often present in the casing layer used during mushroom cultivation, but in very low concentrations, making it hard to detect with traditional methods. Despite its low presence, it can lead to severe infections, negatively impacting production.
Currently, controlling this disease remains a challenge. Some fungicides are ineffective against the pathogen, while others may harm the mushroom mycelium, limiting their use. However, researchers have identified bronopol as an effective treatment. It demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas torquata without showing any toxic effects on the mushroom mycelium. In addition to chemical treatments, other measures can be taken. For example, removing mushrooms from the bed promptly, applying concentrated treatments, and then spraying a 1:500 dilution of 50% carbendazim or zinc-based fungicides can help manage the disease effectively.
Biological control is another promising approach. Scientists have isolated and screened antagonistic bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, which can suppress the growth of the pathogen. These beneficial microbes offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical treatments. In addition to these strategies, proper cultural practices are essential. Maintaining optimal environmental conditions during mushrooming, avoiding water accumulation, and reducing air humidity can further prevent the spread of the disease.
By combining chemical, biological, and cultural control methods, growers can better manage brown spot disease and improve the overall health and productivity of their Agaricus bisporus crops.
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