Citrus canker

Grapefruit canker is a bacterial disease that affects citrus plants, causing damage to leaves, branches, and fruits. The most common symptom across all affected parts is the presence of raised, crater-like lesions in the center. On leaves, the lesions often appear yellowish and may penetrate through the leaf blade, while on fruit, there is typically no or only a faint yellow halo around the infected area. The pathogen responsible for grapefruit canker is *Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri*, a rod-shaped bacterium that thrives in citrus tissues. During winter, the bacteria remain dormant in infected leaves, branches, and fruits, with the lesions on autumn shoots serving as the primary overwintering site. In late spring, when temperatures and moisture levels are favorable, the bacteria multiply and spread via wind, rain, insects, direct contact between plant parts, and agricultural activities. They enter the plant through natural openings like stomata and lenticels, as well as wounds. Long-distance transmission can occur through the movement of infected seedlings, scions, and fruits. Environmental conditions such as high temperatures and heavy rainfall, especially during typhoon seasons, significantly favor the spread of the disease. Moderate temperatures (25–30°C) combined with frequent rain increase the likelihood of infection. Poor management practices, such as excessive nitrogen application, inadequate control of pests like leafhoppers, and uncontrolled summer shoots, can also contribute to disease severity. Orchards with mixed species, poorly maintained autumn shoots, and young trees tend to suffer more. Sweet oranges are the most susceptible, followed by pomelo and lemons, while kumquats show the highest resistance. The pathogen only infects young tissues at specific developmental stages when stomata are formed. Control measures include: 1. **Strict quarantine and use of disease-free seedlings**: Seedlings and scions should be treated with 700 units/ml streptomycin plus 1% alcohol for 30–60 minutes, or soaked in 0.1% mercury or 0.3% ferrous sulfate for 10 minutes. Disease-free nurseries should be located at least 3 km away from citrus orchards. 2. **Pruning and sanitation**: During winter and spring, remove infected plant parts and spray the entire tree with 30% copper oxychloride or "Back" suspension agent diluted 800–1000 times. 3. **Shoot management**: Control summer shoots to prevent excessive growth, making it easier to apply sprays effectively. 4. **Fertilization and pest control**: Apply balanced fertilizers to manage shoot growth, control leafhoppers and other pests, and reduce the risk of infestation during critical periods. Planting shelterbelts around orchards in typhoon-prone areas can also help minimize damage. 5. **Protective spraying**: Apply fungicides and bactericides when new shoots reach 1.5–3 cm in length, and again when leaves turn green. For mature trees, spray every 10, 30, and 50 days after flowering. Suitable options include "Back" suspension agent (1000–1500x), 77% mancozeb, 30% copper oxychloride (800–1000x), streptomycin (400–800 units/ml + 0.1% alcohol), Chuanhua-018 wettable powder (600x), 50% Garnett wettable powder (800–1000x), Bordeaux mixture (0.5–1:2:100), or 50% Desenonium (500–800x). Alternatives like 20% Euclote soluble powder (400–500x) or 20% quinolone wettable powder (1000–1500x) can also be used. Note that Bordeaux mixture may cause rust mites and other pests if overused.

Single Use Trocar Site Closure Device

A fascial closure device is a laparoscopic instrument used to close the fascia, the layer of tissue that covers and separates abdominal organs and muscles. The device is used during laparoscopic surgery to create a secure closure of the fascia after the surgical procedure is complete.

The fascial closure device consists of a needle and suture material attached to a handle. A needle is used to puncture the fascia, then suture material is passed through the puncture site and tied tightly to close the fascia. The device's handle is used to control the movement of the needle and suture material, allowing precise placement and closure of the fascia.

The use of fascial closure devices during laparoscopic surgery can help reduce the risk of postoperative complications such as hernias, wound infections, and intestinal obstruction. It also closes the fascia more quickly and efficiently, reducing the overall time required for the procedure.

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Changzhou Weipu Medical Devices Co., Ltd. , https://www.cnweipumedical.com