Management is very important after harvesting fruit

Management is very important after harvesting fruit

After the harvest in early summer, the tree experiences some level of damage, which can negatively impact the growth and development of the summer shoots. Proper post-harvest management is crucial to ensure good fruit production the following year and to prevent the alternating bearing phenomenon, where trees produce heavily one year and poorly the next. Soil cultivation is essential after fruit picking. Human activity during harvesting often leads to soil compaction, which hinders root development. In rainy seasons, weeds compete with the tree for water and nutrients. To address this, it's important to loosen the soil promptly after harvest. The tilling depth should be around 10–15 cm, but for eucalyptus trees, it can go as deep as 80–100 cm to promote better root growth. Applying post-harvest fertilizer is also critical. Summer shoots are the main source of future fruiting, and their quality directly affects next year’s yield. This period typically occurs in mid-June, when the tree needs to recover its energy after the harvest. At this stage, the tree requires a significant amount of nutrients to support the development of summer shoots and flower buds. Therefore, it's recommended to apply fertilizer 15–20 days after fruit harvest, which should account for over 50% of the annual fertilization. For example, a 15-year-old eucalyptus tree would benefit from 35–40 kg of manure, 1 kg of urea, 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 4–5 kg of cake meal, and 35 kg of compost. Fertilizer should be applied in furrows dug at the edge of the canopy, about 20–30 cm deep, avoiding direct application near the tree trunk. Foliar feeding is another effective practice. The growth of summer shoots can weaken the tree, so applying foliar sprays helps restore vitality. You can use a 0.3%–0.5% urea solution or 10% human urine, along with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% potassium sulfate, 0.3%–0.5% superphosphate leachate, or 10% grass tea. These sprays help replenish essential nutrients and improve the tree's overall health. Bud trimming is an important task that should be done between mid-June and early July. This involves removing diseased, dead, or weak branches, as well as shortening stubby or weak shoots to control the canopy size and encourage new growth. When summer shoots begin to emerge, such as when 3–4 shoots appear, it’s advisable to remove one bud, leaving only 2–3 strong ones to develop into healthy summer shoots. Timely watering is necessary during dry periods to ensure proper shoot development. Watering, mulching with grass, and maintaining adequate moisture levels in the orchard are all effective strategies. Additionally, yellow caterpillars are a major pest affecting the leaves of summer shoots. They can be controlled by applying biological agents at a dilution of 2000–2500 times during their larval stage. For leaf spot and anthracnose, fungicides like 0.3%–0.5% Bordeaux mixture, 50% carbendazim WP diluted 800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800–1000 times can be used, with intervals of 7–10 days between applications.

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