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Broad bean high quality and high yield cultivation management technology
1. Variety Selection: Choose large-grained and high-quality varieties such as Shanghai Qingpi, Liyang Bigfoot, and Hanzhong Dayedou, which are early maturing and high-yielding. These varieties are well-suited for both commercial and home cultivation due to their strong performance under various growing conditions.
2. Crop Rotation: Daejeon beans are known for their strong adaptability, but it's important to avoid continuous cropping. To maintain soil health and reduce disease risk, select fields or wastelands that have been previously planted with crops like rice, wheat, rapeseed, or summer eggplant. A two- to three-year crop rotation is recommended, along with good irrigation and drainage systems to ensure optimal growth conditions.
3. Soil Preparation: Before planting, perform deep plowing to improve soil aeration and root penetration. Incorporate 5,000 kilograms of well-rotted manure or compost into the soil, and mix in 25 to 30 kilograms of calcium superphosphate. This nutrient-rich base will support healthy plant development throughout the growing season.
4. Seeding and Field Management: Soak the seeds overnight before sowing. Treat each seed with 10 to 17 grams of rhizobial bacteria to enhance nitrogen fixation and increase yield. Plant 2 to 3 seeds per hole, with a spacing of 40 to 50 cm between holes, and cover them with 6% thick soil. Water the area thoroughly after planting. After germination, apply a thin layer of diluted urine between rows to provide additional nutrients.
The field management principle focuses on promoting growth while controlling excessive vegetative development. Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizers like human or animal manure water before flowering to encourage deep root growth and soil health. Keep the soil consistently moist during the fruiting stage to support pod development. When the plant has around 16 nodes—indicated by the appearance of 6 to 7 lobes on the compound leaves—it should be pruned to improve air circulation, reduce flowering density, extend the flowering period, prevent lodging, and promote earlier maturity and better fruit set.
Pruning should be done on sunny days to avoid wound rot. Harvest the beans when the pods are fully developed and the shells begin to turn yellow. After harvesting, dry the beans and beat them to separate the seeds from the pods. This method ensures high-quality yields and efficient post-harvest handling.