For tall fruit trees, garden trees, precious trees, etc., after the occurrence of pests and diseases, control is sometimes inconvenient. In order to improve the control effect, the trunk injection method is generally used for prevention and control in production. What are the advantages of trunk injection in pest control and how to operate it? The specific methods and precautions are now described as follows: First, the advantages of trunk injection method The use of trunk injection method to prevent and control, general application after 10 days, can receive significant results. Because the liquid can be quickly and evenly distributed to various parts of the tree, the absorption and utilization rate is high, and the effective period is longer. For the treatment of fruit deficiency diseases, the drug efficacy period of up to 2 to 3 years. Second, the specific method of trunk injection prevention 1. Punch injection method. The first hole is punched in the trunk and the pressure is used to hydraulically press the medicine into the trunk. Finally the hole is closed. Can be divided into high pressure hole injection method and ordinary hole injection method. The specific method is as follows: Punching site. For tall garden trees and ancient trees, holes are generally drilled at a distance of less than 20 cm from the ground; for timber trees, holes are generally drilled below the cutting line; for fruit trees, holes are generally drilled at the lower part of the first branch. Ordinary hole injection method, the hole down 30 degrees oblique, in order to facilitate trunk injection. Number of holes punched. The number of trunk perforations depends on the DBH of the tree. When the trunk diameter is less than 10 cm, one trunk is punched. When the trunk diameter is 11-25 cm, two trunks are drilled. When the trunk diameter is 26-40 cm, the trunk is drilled. When the trunk diameter was greater than 40 cm, there were 4 or more trunks perforated. Drill depth. According to the size of trunk diameter, the depth of the hole is generally 3 to 7 cm. When the tree's DBH is smaller, the depth of the hole is shallower; when the diameter of the tree's DBH is larger, the depth of the hole is deeper. Tree trunk injection. Using a pressure pump or syringe, hydraulically press the medicine into the tree. After the liquid medicine is injected, seal the hole with a cork or mud. The amount of injection depends on the thickness of the trunk, generally 50 to 300 ml. 2. Self-injection method. According to the medical infusion method, an infusion bottle is used to hang the liquid on a tree, and the needle is inserted between the phloem and the xylem of the tree. The liquid pressure is gradually injected into the tree body by the natural pressure of the liquid from top to bottom. 3. Wormhole injection method. Insect pests such as calves, aphids, and giardia, which damage fruit trees and trees, often drill lychee stems and feed the tree to form a number of holes. The medical solution can be directly injected into the holes of insects with a medical or veterinary syringe, and the holes can be sealed with mud. Third, trunk injection method matters needing attention 1. The liquid medicine for injection needs to be prepared with cold boiling water. It is not suitable to use pond water or well water. 2. Based on the type of pest and the resistance of the trees, determine the specific concentration of the liquid. Generally, the concentration of liquid medicine for controlling forest pests is 15%-20%, and the concentration of liquid medicine for controlling fruit pests is 10%-15%. 3. When preparing insecticides or plant growth regulator solutions in areas with severe disease, a certain amount of broad-spectrum fungicides should be added to prevent infection of the wounds. 4. The trunk injection time should be performed after the sap flows in the spring until the trees are dormant. The result tree should stop using drugs 40 to 50 days before fruit harvest to avoid pesticide residues.
Ventilator block diagram Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Positive Pressure Breathing Machine,Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.
Trunk injection pest prevention