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Kidney beans pollution-free fertilization technical specifications
The pollution-free cultivation of cowpea primarily relies on protected land farming. Here's a detailed and well-structured overview of the process:
First, cultivating strong seedlings is essential. In protected cultivation, it's important to select medium-laturing, high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties that are suitable for dense planting. The mulching and seeding method is commonly used, which helps reduce root damage and promotes slower, healthier seedling growth. Seed processing, nutrient soil preparation, and bed disinfection are similar to those used in kidney bean cultivation. The nursery typically uses root-cultivating methods to minimize shoot emergence and promote stronger seedlings after transplanting.
Each nutrient cup has a diameter of 8 cm. The nutrient soil should be made from loose, fertile soil that hasn’t been used for cotton or legume crops in the past three years. Mix 2 parts decomposed chicken manure, 2 parts horse manure, and 4 parts farmland soil, sift them, and fill them into the cups. Do not overfill; filling up to three-quarters of the cup’s height is ideal. Place the cups neatly on a seedbed. Before sowing, treat the seedbed with a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim WP or a 250-fold solution of 10% double-effect water repellent agent. Water evenly over the seedbed.
Before sowing, water the beds thoroughly. Once the water is absorbed, plant 3–4 seeds per nutrient spot and cover them with 3 cm of nutrient soil. Proper seedling management is crucial—ventilate regularly, control growth, and remove any diseased seedlings promptly.
Second, apply basal fertilizer and plant at the right time. Cowpea should not be planted in the same area consecutively. It’s best to choose fields that haven’t had cotton or legume crops in the last three years. Clear the field before planting and apply 75,000 kg/ha of organic fertilizer, mixing it well with the soil to make ridges or furrows. When planting, apply 300–4500 kg/ha of calcium superphosphate, 750–1050 kg/ha of wood ash, or 150–225 kg/ha of potassium sulfate. Mix well and water thoroughly.
Before planting, disinfect the greenhouse using a 50–100 times dilution of formalin (1–1.5 kg/m²) and close it for a day and night. Wait 7–10 days before planting. Alternatively, use a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim WP to spray the soil, walls, and surroundings of the greenhouse.
When planting, protect against pests by laying silver reflective film on the ground. You can also place silver-gray strips around the greenhouse, about 15 cm wide, to deter insects.
Third, apply top dressing appropriately. After planting, focus on controlling vegetative growth to encourage reproductive development and more flower clusters. After flowering, combine watering with fertilization by applying 15,000 kg/ha of human manure or 75–120 kg/ha of compound fertilizer. For every harvest, apply urea at 75–150 kg/ha and potassium sulfate at 75–120 kg/ha. Alternatively, apply half the amount each time you pick. To prevent early aging, manage water and nutrients carefully after the first peak of production. Encourage lateral branch and flower bud formation, allowing the main vine to continue flowering and podding. This can extend the leaf lifespan, leading to a second bloom about 20 days after the first, lasting roughly 30 days.
During the blooming period, foliar feeding with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can help prevent premature aging. Additionally, to promote early nitrogen fixation in the nodules, consider using nitrogen-enriched fungicides to inoculate rhizobial bacteria.
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