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Introduction of high yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza
(a) **Planting Conditions**. Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) thrives in moist, well-drained, deep, and fertile soils with a near-neutral pH. It is important to avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot and poor growth.
(b) **Propagation Methods**. Salvia miltiorrhiza can be propagated through three main methods: root division, stem cuttings, and seed sowing. Among these, root propagation typically yields the best results in terms of plant quality and yield.
1. **Root Propagation**. The ideal time for harvesting roots is between October and November. Select healthy, disease-free plants and avoid digging up the same area repeatedly. When planting, it's best to do so before or after the second year of "seizure" (a traditional term referring to the plant's dormancy period). Before planting, prepare the soil by deeply tilling it and applying sufficient base fertilizer. Create raised beds that are 80 cm wide. Dig holes about 25–30 cm from the plant, making them 4–5 cm deep. Cut selected root sections into 5 cm lengths, soak them in a 410–6 concentration of ABT rooting powder for 30 minutes, and then plant 1–2 segments per hole vertically. Ensure the roots are not tilted, cover them with 4–5 cm of soil, and gently press the surrounding earth to secure them.
2. **Seed Propagation**. In July, prepare a seedbed that is 100 cm wide and 10 cm high. Create shallow furrows spaced 10 cm apart and mix fine sand into the trenches. Cover the seeds with 0.3–0.6 cm of soil, then sprinkle a thin layer of fine sand on top. Germination usually occurs within 10 days, and during dry periods, regular watering is essential. By early April of the following year, transplant the seedlings. Carefully dig up the young plants, trim the tops and buds, and plant them in 10–13 cm deep trenches. Place the plants at a height of 13–15 cm, ensuring the buds face upward. Cover the buds with soil, and within about 10 days, the seedlings should be well established.
(c) **Field Management**. Proper field management is crucial for the healthy growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This includes regular weeding, timely fertilization, pruning of inflorescences, and effective pest and disease control to create optimal growing conditions.
1. **Weeding and Soil Loosening**: In the early growth stages, Salvia miltiorrhiza grows slowly, so frequent weeding is necessary. Apply 2–3 rounds of topdressing before mulching, and remove weeds immediately after mulching to prevent competition for nutrients.
2. **Fertilization**: In mid-June, apply 50 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare. Dig small trenches beside the plants and cover the fertilizer with soil to ensure even distribution.
3. **Pruning Inflorescences**: To concentrate energy into root development, remove all flower buds and prevent seed formation.
4. **Pest and Disease Control**: Common pests include root rot, silver-winged moth, and ground tiger. Root rot causes blackened, rotting roots and wilting above-ground parts, especially during hot and rainy seasons (June to August). To manage this, ensure proper drainage, avoid replanting in the same area, and use a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 1000 times. The larvae of Spodoptera littoralis often damage leaves during Summer and Autumn. Use black-light traps to catch adult moths, and spray 90% trichlorfon diluted 800 times for 7 days, repeating 2–3 times. Ground tigers attack young seedlings; manually capture them or mix 3% malathion powder with soil in a 1:10 ratio and scatter it between rows to poison them.
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