Grape anthracnose prevention and cure method

Grape anthracnose prevention and cure method

The disease, also known as late rot, is the most common disease in Shanghai, and it poses a serious threat to grape production. It can cause large amounts of fruit rot and can invade apple trees, pears, and other fruit trees.
[Hazardous symptoms] Mainly invade the grape fruit and can also invade leaves, shoots, tendrils, stems and cobs. The initial incidence of fruit on the fruit surface produces brown round spots of the size of the needle, the latter lesion gradually expands and sag, the surface produces a small black spots arranged in a rouleau. When the weather is wet, there is a magenta mucus in the center of the lesion. When the disease is severe, the lesion can be spread to the entire fruit surface. In the European and American hybrid grape, the diseased fruit was soft and rotted off; on the European grape species, the dried fruit contracted into black and dark fruit. The incidence of fruit stems or cobs, dark brown oblong recessed lesions, and red row of mucus, severe disease, the following ears dry off. At the beginning of the onset of the disease, brown round spotted and slightly sunken spots were formed. When the small lesions covered the entire leaves and the lesions were connected, the leaves were often brown and fall off. When the new shoot was damaged, it showed a pale yellow-brown lesion, and the victim was easy to fall off. There was a crimson-colored mucus on the damaged part.
[Implications of the disease] The pathogen mainly overwinters the mycelium on the surface of the annual dendrite group, and it can also overwinter at the leaves, spikes and nodes. In the spring of the second year, when the environmental conditions are appropriate, a large number of conidia can be produced and spread through wind and rain, causing initial infection. The dermis of the two-year-old vines is shed without germs, and the old vines do not carry bacteria. Shanghai can see the harm symptoms in late May, and the condition will gradually worsen.
Germs require high-temperature and high-temperature conditions, and the optimal temperature for onset is 28-32°C. Therefore, if the rainfall is heavy in July-August, the incidence will be heavy, and the onset of light rain will be reduced. The pathogenic bacteria have the characteristics of latent infection. Therefore, the closer the fruit is to maturity, the faster the onset of disease. If there is more rainfall in September, it can still be affected on the secondary fruit. Subjects suffering from sunburst are often susceptible to disease; strains are too dense, poor ventilation, poor light transmission, and severe canopy closure; the closer the ground to the ear, the higher the incidence rate; nitrogen fertilizers are applied more often, vines grow longer, gardens are low and drainage is poor. Is conducive to disease. Variety between the cultivars is generally thin, the incidence of nepheline, late-maturing varieties more susceptible to disease than early maturing varieties. In particular, Eurasian species are susceptible to infection. Queens of vineyards, Italy, Asian red, rose, incense, and victory are the most vulnerable; the pioneers and giant No. 3 in the giant peak group are vulnerable to infection; Jinhou, New Rose, and Kyoho are the second; Stieben and Lei A, black Han strong resistance.
[Control methods]
(1) Carefully cut off sick and weak branches and sick stale berries during winter pruning, set a deep burial or burn, and reduce the source of the disease.
(2) Strengthen cultivation management, timely drainage and reduce humidity; timely tying up vines, picking hearts, improving ventilation and light conditions of the plants; paying attention to reasonable fertilization, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and strengthening the resistance of the trees; Raise the position of the lowest layer of wire, preferably 60 cm above the ground.
(3) In areas with severe disease, fruit bags may be bagged in mid-June when the grains are large like soybeans.
(4) Sprinkle 50% lime sulfur before germination with 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenol. During the growth period, when the spores occur in the orchard for the first time, the first drug is sprayed within 3-5 days. Afterwards, it is sprayed once every 15 days and sprayed 3-5 times. Portugal stopped spraying before half a month ago. The agent can be used 50% Yu Yu Ling WP 800-1000 times, or 75% thiophanate WP 1000 times. Or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 80% anthrax 500 times, or 80% mancozeb 500 times, or 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times. In order to improve the adhesive properties of the liquid, 0.03% of cow leather glue or other adhesive can be added to the liquid.
(5) Conditional orchards, for the species with high economic value, the facilities can be sheltered from the rain (ie, covered by a film of the sky), or the plasticity of the scaffolds and the “high, wide, vertical” plasticity can be used to improve the resulting parts of the grapes.

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