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Delayed High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Potato in Autumn
Delayed cultivation of potato in the autumn means that the potato planted in the open field will be covered with a film before the early frost comes, so that it will be protected from the early frost and make full use of the late autumn lighting conditions to prolong the growth period of the potato, increase the yield, improve the quality of the product, and obtain high yield and high efficiency. First, choose the soil where the soil is slightly acidic, rich in organic matter, deep plowing layer and easy irrigation. The former crops are millet, wheat and corn, and the top crop is preferably onions, garlic, celery, and carrots. It is important to remember that the plots of the Solanaceae crop cannot be re-planted or planted to reduce the diseases and deficiencies of potatoes. disease. 2. Seed Potato Processing 1. Seed selection: Seed potatoes are required to have the characteristics of this variety, 30-50g of small virus-free whole potatoes, no deformity, disease and rotten. The whole potato planted with drought-resistant seedlings and seedlings, fully utilized the top advantage of seed potatoes, obtained high yields, and reduced disease transmission. 2. Germination: Germination is usually conducted 30 to 40 days before sowing, and can be performed indoors or in greenhouses. The ground floor is first paved with 1 wet river sand, 3 layers of seed potatoes are placed on the sand, and 1 layer of seed canopy is covered with wet sand. The humidity is based on the standard of holding the ball and the temperature is maintained at about 15°C. Buds grow about 1 to 2 cm. Third, sowing 1. Fertilization and soil preparation: combined with arable land before sowing, 667 square meters of fully applied organic fertilizer 3000kg, drought should be watering to ensure that the water before emergence, the soil leveling fine, in order to facilitate sowing. 2. sowing time: about 1 week after the beginning of autumn, if the temperature is still high, then postponed a few days sowing, sowing too early, temperature, ground temperature is too high, easy to cause bad species, dead seedlings and serious pests, emergence is uneven, sowing In the evening, the effective growth period will be shortened and affect the output. 3. Reasonable dense planting: The planting density is closely related to soil conditions and water and fertilizer conditions. Generally speaking, the land with good soil conditions and high water and fertilizer conditions can be appropriately increased in density; otherwise, it can be appropriately reduced in density. For most cases, general Every 667 square meters should be around 5000. Less than 4,500 plants per 667 square meters are likely to produce larger proportions of large potatoes, and these large potatoes are easily hollow. The main reason for the hollowness is the uneven supply of water and fertilizers, especially after a period of drought, and after the occurrence of rainfall, the supply of water and nutrients is insufficient, and the rapid expansion of tubers is caused, which is worth noting. When the drought time is too long and the rainfall appears late, the normal size of the tubers will appear hollow. 4. Seeding: To open the shallow ditch sowing, and then cover the soil ridging, so that the seed potato in the ridge in the middle and upper, reduce the ditch water on the impregnation of seed potatoes, ridging is conducive to water cooling or drainage. Cover soil should not be too thick, the depth of 8 ~ 10cm, so that the emergence of potatoes as soon as possible. After sowing, the ridges will be smooth and smooth, and the herbicide, acetochlor, will be sprayed. For every 667 square meters, 50kg of compound fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5kg of borax, 1.5kg of zinc sulfate, and 1kg of phosphorus are used. IV. Field management 1. Watering soil: The first cultivator is planted during the budding stage, combined with turfgrass soil, requires high soil, prevents the potato from appearing green head, and completely removes the diseased plants (the surrounding soil is also removed) and Mixed plants, the first watering. In the flowering period, the planting soil is completed before the planting of ridges, and the second water is poured during the flowering period according to the rainfall conditions to promote the early planting of potato, and the stable supply of nutrients for the growth of the potato is an important measure to ensure the high yield and high efficiency of the potato. , otherwise it is easy to cause hollow and secondary growth. During the growing season, if it rains, it should be drained in time and loosen immediately to loosen and breathe the soil. Stop watering 1 week before harvest. 2. Deduction of film time: Before the onset of frost, the daytime temperature is lower than 15°C, and the film is buckled when it is lower than 7°C at night. In order to withstand heavy snowfall and strong winds, the steel pipe structure is generally used, and the agricultural film is used for the greenhouse film. 3. Temperature-controlled ventilation: appropriate ventilation according to weather conditions, when the daytime outside the greenhouse temperature is higher than 20 °C, nighttime is higher than 10 °C, ventilation should stay up all night, keep the shed within the daytime 20 ~ 25 °C, night 10 ~ 15 °C. When the temperature outside the shed is about 15°C during the day and about 7°C at night, it is not ventilated at night to avoid freezing damage. If the humidity in the booth is high, it should be ventilated during the day. 4. Pest control: The main prevention of late blight disease, when the leaf wet period exceeds 10d, the temperature is between 15 ~ 20 °C, it is likely to happen late blight infection, once this climatic conditions, no late blight disease Preservatives should be sprayed with a protective agent: 70% Ke Lu 700 ~ 800 times, Shi Gao 70 ~ 100g/667 square meters. Prevention and control of aphids, 5% fleas 2000 times, 1% avermectin 2000 times. V. About 100 days after the emergence of the harvest, according to the size requirements of commodity potatoes and weather conditions, timely harvest. It is required to harvest on sunny days. After the potato chips are slightly dry, the diseased, wormy, rotten, deformed, green, and cracked shiitake will be removed and sorted and packaged. Economic Benefit Analysis In recent years, cultivation experiments have shown that the economic benefits of long-growing varieties are higher, because this variety can be delayed until the end of December, greatly increasing the yield, and at this time it is a deep winter and various vegetables. Relatively scarce, potatoes are more popular vegetables, so the large sales and high prices. According to an increase of 500 to 750 kg per 667 square meters, and a wholesale price of 1.50 yuan per kilogram, 667 square meters will increase economic income by 750 to 1,000 yuan.
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