Cotton boron application technology

Cotton boron application technology

In recent years, data on boron fertilizer usage in various cotton-growing regions show that soils with low boron content (effective boron below 0.5 mg/kg) and those potentially deficient (available boron below 0.8 mg/kg) respond well to boron application, resulting in significant yield improvements. Proper application of boron not only enhances plant growth but also improves the overall quality of the cotton produced. Before sowing or transplanting cotton, it is recommended to apply boron fertilizer during land preparation. A typical rate is about 0.5 kg of borax per acre. This can be mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers or applied directly into dry soil. This method ensures even distribution and better nutrient uptake by the plants. When sowing, applying boron as a seed fertilizer is another effective approach. The boron should be placed in the furrow or directly in the planting hole, mixed thoroughly with fine dry soil. It's important to keep the boron away from the seeds to avoid any adverse effects on germination or early seedling development. Using boron for seed coating is not recommended, as it may hinder the growth process. The most common and efficient method of boron application is foliar spraying. This technique allows the plant to absorb boron quickly, which is especially important since boron does not move easily within the plant from older to newer tissues. Foliar sprays ensure that the growing parts receive the necessary nutrients promptly. Additionally, this method saves time and labor when combined with other liquid fertilizers. For severe boron deficiency, spraying should begin at the bud stage and continue every 10 days, with a total of 4 to 6 applications. For mild deficiencies, spraying at the bud, early flowering, and boll formation stages is sufficient. The recommended concentration is a 0.2% borax solution. The volume of spray varies depending on the growth stage: 30–40 kg per acre during the bud stage, 40–50 kg during early flowering, and around 60 kg during the flowering and boll stage. Aerial spraying is also an effective method, especially for large fields. Aircraft such as the Type 5 model are used, equipped with constant spray systems. The operation requires stable airflow, with wind speeds below 4 m/s, aircraft speed around 160 km/h, and flying height between 5 to 7 meters above the crop. Each flight covers a width of 50 meters and carries 1000 kg of solution, providing 2.5 kg of solution per mu (approximately 0.1 kg of borax). A single flight can cover up to 400 mu. Spraying is most effective during the bud, flowering, and boll formation stages, when cotton plants require the highest levels of boron for optimal yield.

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