Yangmei High Yield Fertilization Technology

First, a reasonable fertilization

The fertilization of bayberry should take into account the soil and nutrient levels of the tree and the required fertilizer characteristics of bayberry. The first is the requirement of Yangmei's fertilizer requirement. Attention should be paid to the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Adult trees have higher requirements for potash fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer application has a good effect on improving fruit quality. On the other hand, the low phosphorus demand of bayberry and the insufficient or excessive use of phosphorus may cause adverse consequences. Excessive results may cause too many results in a certain year, and even all fruits may be deformed, stiff, small fruit, sour, and poorly colored. . For example, in the early 1980s, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province experienced the above situation due to excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, resulting in serious losses. Too little is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, affecting the results. Followed by soil conditions, according to the actual measurement of soil nutrients in Zhejiang Yangmei Garden, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content is lower, nitrogen is 0.09%, phosphorus is 0.04%, potassium is 0.047% to 0.0056%. Yangmei is planted on a hillside, and the topsoil is easily lost. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are only 40%, 20% and 30% respectively. For this reason, the actual amount of fertilizer should be greater than the theoretical calculation. In addition, considering the nutrient level of the tree, the growth of the tree is strong and the accumulation of nutrients is also high. On the contrary, the growth is weak and the accumulation of nutrients is also low. Therefore, fertility should be based on the need for fertilizer, tree nutrient levels and soil conditions, starting from the balance of tree nutrients, a reasonable ratio of use. The ratio of three elements of Yangmei, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:2.6. The amount of fertilization should be determined by comprehensive factors such as variety, age, growth and results, and fertilization and site conditions in the previous year.

Second, young tree fertilization

Young trees are used for the purpose of promoting growth and rapidly forming high yield canopies. Therefore, in addition to the application of base fertilizer before planting, in the growing season of March to August, thin fertilizer should be top-dressed several times, and mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea, or a compound fertilizer with an appropriate amount of NPK. Immediately after the survival of the newly planted saplings, quick-acting thin fertilizers are applied in the first half months of spring, summer and autumn shoots. Generally, 0.1 kg of urea is applied. Due to weak resistance of young trees, sufficient soil moisture is required for fertilization. It can be applied before and after rainfall, or applied to water. After 3 years of age, increase the amount of fertilizer per plant, with a suitable amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Such as the annual application of urea 0.3 ~ 0.5kg plus grass ash 2 ~ 3kg, plus coke ash 5 ~ 10kg or potassium sulfate 0.1 ~ 0.2kg. After the start of fruit fertilization, pay attention to less potassium nitrogen to control growth and promote results. The fertilization method uses ring and disc fertilization to promote the extension of the root system and enlarge the crown.

Third, the results of tree fertilization

As a result, the tree aims at high yield, stable production, high quality, and high efficiency. The principle of fertilization is to increase potassium and control phosphorus. General fertilization 2 to 3 times a year. The fertilizer was applied 3 times in the whole year, and the first time was from the 2nd to the 3rd month before germination. Potassium fertilizers were mainly used with nitrogen fertilizer to meet the nutrient requirements for the growth, flowering and fruit development of Yangmei spring shoots; In the middle of May, the main use of available potassium fertilizer was to supplement the nutrient requirements for fruit growth and development and improve fruit quality. The third time for fruit crops from June to July was based on organic fertilizer supplemented with available nitrogen fertilizer. Timely supplement of tree nutrients, 3 times, 30%, 30% and 40% respectively. Two fertilizers were applied throughout the year, and the first fertilizer was applied before the first germination. The amount of fertilizer was about 40%, and it was applied after the second fruit-picking, accounting for about 60%.

Fourth, the size of the year results tree fertilization

The annual and annual results of Yangmei should be different in fertilization. In general, there will be more fruits and more nutrients in large trees, more nutrient consumption, fewer shoots of spring shoots and summer shoots, and weaker post-harvest tree vigor. The budding fertilizer should be applied properly. The application of nitrogenous fertilizer will promote the growth of spring shoots. At the same time, fruit fertilizers should be applied early, supplement the nutrients timely, and promote the growth of summer shoots and the differentiation of flower buds. In addition, strong fruit fertilizers and foliar fertilizers will be pursued in May. With fewer fruit trees and less fruit trees, the burden on the tree is light. It should be avoided that the spring shoots are excessively over-prosperous, which leads to falling flowers and fruit drop. This will affect the current year's yield. Compared with the Dainian tree, the amount of fertilizing can be less or no. After the main fate depends on the tree.

Fifth, outside the root fertilizer technology

The application of extra-root fertilizers in Yangmei has become more common in recent years, mainly in the fruit growth period. For example, spray 0.2% borax during flowering period, spray 0.2% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-efficiency rare earth liquid fertilizer 1200 to 1500 times during the fruit growth period to promote leaf growth, improve photosynthesis, improve fruit quality, and generally apply 1 to 2 Times are appropriate, if too many times, it will lead to excessive vegetative growth, affecting fruit quality. The deficiency of the disease and its treatment: On the one hand, as Yangmei is planted on hillside, the soil is relatively thin and vulnerable to rain erosion; on the other hand, management is more extensive and does not pay attention to fertilization; there is a shortage of nutrients in the production areas of bayberry. The nitrogen deficiency of bayberry showed yellowing of leaves, poor growth of branch shoots, declining tree vigor, resulting in reduced yield or large annual size. Phosphorus deficiency showed decreased growth of new shoots and roots, smaller leaves, lack of luster, and early defoliation and flower buds in severe cases. Poor differentiation, affecting yield and quality; lack of potassium when the fruit is small, poor coloring, poor quality, low yield; tree growth in the absence of boron debilitating, branches clustered lobular, shoot shoots, flower buds poorly differentiated, falling serious fruit drop. Especially Yangmei is sensitive to boron deficiency. When the available boron content in the soil is 0.09 ppm, symptoms of boron deficiency appear. The boron content in the leaves is normal from 20ppm to 80ppm. Generally, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency can be corrected by soil fertilization, and leaf spray can also be used in combination. In the absence of boron, 0.2% borax plus 0.5% urea plus 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the flower buds from the initial stage of flowering to the flowering stage, or in the winter (November), about 50 g of borax is applied per plant. .

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