Analysis of Edible Fungus Strains Management Technology

Analysis of Edible Fungus Strains Management Technology

To protect and rationally use edible fungus germplasm resources, standardize the selection and breeding of edible fungus varieties and the production, management, use and management of edible fungus strains (hereinafter referred to as strains) according to the "Seed Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "Seed Law" and other related laws stipulate that the Ministry of Agriculture has formulated the "Administrative Measures on Edible Fungi Strains" (hereinafter referred to as "Management Measures"), and the following points should be clearly defined on a technical level:
?? Variety Breeding In accordance with the technical specifications of breeding varieties of edible fungi, the selection of a good variety, generally takes at least 3 years, most species need 5 to 7 years, the need for high-tech, high wisdom, high input. It is precisely because of this that new plant varieties have become an internationally recognized form of intellectual property. Over the years, a large number of edible fungus breeding scientific workers in China have bred a considerable number of varieties of edible fungi, but they are still far from meeting the needs of industrial development. The survey shows that the so-called “breeding” of many units and individuals mostly stays in each other's introduction. The routine tests compare the screening level. The varieties with good economic traits are titled on their own, resulting in a large number of synonyms, and the interests of breeders cannot be guaranteed. Use bacterial strains. In order to clarify the confusion of strains, the “Administrative Measures” requires overseas introduced strains to be sent to the China Agricultural Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center for preservation; new varieties selected can be applied for new plant variety rights according to law; and breeders are encouraged to apply for variety identification; Appropriate names and specific naming conventions will be standardized by the Ministry of Agriculture through the formal promulgation of the "Technical Specifications for Edible Fungi Breeding." Among them, it is clearly stated that in addition to meeting the "Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties of the People's Republic of China," the name must also reflect the species, ideology and clarity of the edible fungus, and must not exaggerate the facts and do not cause ambiguity. In short, the name of the variety should reflect the characteristics of the variety.
Variety identification? Variety identification is the identification of economic traits of varieties, and the evaluation of their use value. According to China's national conditions, China's crop varieties implement a review (recognition) system, which has effectively promoted the breeding and improvement of fine varieties. In accordance with the “Seeds Law” and “Administrative Measures”, China’s new varieties of edible fungi were voluntarily identified. To this end, the National Edible Fungi Variety Identification Committee was established, an office was established (located in the National Agricultural Technology Center), and drafted related to the identification of edible fungi. The series of documents, related certification work started. The procedures for the identification of edible mushroom species are: reporting → specificity of the designated institution and testing of economic traits → recognition by the accreditation committee → registration announcement. The development of the identification of edible mushroom species will surely promote the breeding of improved species of edible mushroom strains in China, promote the improvement of strain quality, and promote the development of edible mushroom industry.
According to the biological characteristics of vegetative propagation and rapid growth of mushroom strains, taking into account the small scale of production of strains, dispersal of production, the facilities of most strains and field facilities, low technical level, and bacteria The actual situation of the overall low quality of the species, in order to avoid indefinite expansion of breeding led to variation of strains, to ensure the quality of strains, "Administrative Measures" and related technical standards stipulate that China's edible fungi strains for the mother (first class), the original species ( Secondary species) and cultivar (three-grade species) breeding system. The so-called mother species refers to the pure mycelium culture and its subcultures obtained by breeding, which is the starting species of edible fungus; the so-called original species, the mother of the transplanted, expanded culture; The so-called cultivars are transplanted from the original species and expanded and cultivated. The edible fungi that we normally eat are grown from cultivars that are used as seeds for production. The "Administrative Measures" has detailed qualification requirements for the strains at all levels.
The regulatory requirements for the production technology of strains in order to enhance the operability of the "Administrative Measures" require that the production and operation of strains should meet the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture's "Technical Regulations for Production of Edible Fungi Strains" (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations"). According to the "Procedures", the normative technical requirements for the production of strains include technical personnel, site and plant layout and layout, equipment and facilities, use of species and propagation, production process, and process technologies.
The technicians are required to adapt to the grade of strains produced. They are inspectors and production technicians who are qualified by the agricultural administrative department of the provincial people's government; the site requires high dryness, good ventilation, smooth water drainage, and convenient transportation; no less than 300 meters Scale-raised livestock and poultry houses have no waste (manure) fields, no sewage sources, and no large dust sources (such as cement plants, lime plants, sand plants, wood processing plants, etc.). Plant layout and layout requires that the drying plant, raw material warehouse, ingredient distribution field (room) be isolated from places requiring aseptic or highly clean cooling, inoculation and cultivation, and the design and construction of various types of housing facilities should be in compliance with the edible fungi. The technical need for strain production. The equipment and facilities shall be required by the "specifications" for the equipment and facilities and the performance and safety of the strains. Use breeds and breed requirements for species with clear species, encourage the use of certified species above the provincial level, specify clearly that species with unclear and unclear sources cannot be used, and use tissue isolates whose production characteristics have not been verified by systematic tests. Do seed production of species, and require the introduction of qualified breeding units. This has provided legal guarantees for the promotion of certified good varieties, guaranteeing the use of excellent traits, and ensuring the quality of strains.
The "Administrative Measures" and "Regulations" stipulate that the strains at the next highest level can produce the following grades of strains, while the strains at the lower level cannot produce strains at or above the level. This means that the next level of bacteria production must use the next level of bacteria as a provenance. In addition, there is a corresponding provision for the expansion of the strains at each level, that is, no more than 6 bottles (bags) of each parent species will be expanded, and no more than 50 (bags) will be expanded per bottle (stock) species. Expanding strains can only be used for cultivation. This is an important technical basis for quality supervision and evaluation.
In order to facilitate the supervision of law enforcement and prevent the entry of counterfeit strains into circulation, it is required to affix labels after completion of inoculation, and not to sell labels before selling them. In order to ensure quality, detailed records are required for each link. Each batch of strains should be kept for future reference, and the first tidal mushroom (ear) should be produced. Sample retention requires that strains must have cold storage, otherwise this requirement cannot be achieved.
The "Administrative Measure" of the strain quality assurance system requires all production and business units and individuals to have a quality assurance system for production and operation of strains. Actually, this is a set of quality assurance system, including personnel and post management, environmental maintenance, and maintenance of equipment and facilities. Use, process and technical parameters, inspections and records, process flow, storage and transportation, information feedback and complaints processing (product flow, after-sales service, traceability mechanisms, etc.), procedural control of the management system. Any strain producing unit and individual must conscientiously implement the “Technical Regulations for the Production of Edible Fungi Strains” under the premise of having all the requirements of the “Administrative Measures”, and have a strict and effective quality assurance system, and their quality problems will be solved. Traceability, in order to promptly correct it, will be able to provide qualified growers with qualified strains. Ministry of Agriculture Microbiological Fertilizer and Edible Fungi Quality Supervision and Testing Center Zhang Jinxia; Huang Chenyang Manuscript Source: Peasant Daily

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