A new potato planting technology - three-dimensional greenhouse cultivation

A new potato planting technology - three-dimensional greenhouse cultivation

Heilongjiang Province is the major potato production province in China. The annual potato planting area is about 267,000 hm2, the average yield is 19.5t/hm2, and the total output is 5.2 million tons. In general, the harvest time of fresh potatoes in this province is mainly concentrated in the period from September to November, when the price of potatoes is low. In order to obtain higher benefits, in recent years, the suburbs of many cities have used early-maturing varieties to promote buds or nursery and have been cultivated by mulching. However, they generally can only be listed for 15 to 30 days in advance. For the sake of the morning, some places use greenhouse cultivation. However, due to the high temperature in the greenhouse during the tuber period, it is not conducive to tuber, the tuber is small, the commodity rate is low, and the production cost is high. No matter whether it is covered with plastic film or greenhouse, there is a problem of low yield, generally only 15t/hm2. The technique of three-dimensional cultivation of potatoes is to make full use of unused space in the protected area and long-term high temperature to obtain high yields. This method of planting can bring potatoes to market 30 to 50 days ahead of schedule. This technique has been very successful after many trials by us.
First, the cultivation techniques
1. Variety selection The varieties with good potato shape, fast tuber enlargement rate and early ripening period are selected, such as early morning white, Jinyin No.8, red grain white and Dongnong 303.
2. Seedlings are ready for sowing in about 40 days before sowing, and they are germinated in a room with scattered light. Always turn it to make it evenly visible. When the bud is 1 cm long, cut it.
3. We did not apply sulfosulfuron and other long-term herbicides to the nutrition soil configuration and basket selection, and 7 soils of potato field that had not been grown within 3 years, 3 organic fertilizers fully decomposed, and a small amount of plant ash. Mix water while mixing, until the ground is scattered when the water is just right. Choose small baskets filled with fruit and nutritious soil, and place it 15 cm away from the mouth of the basket and put it in the greenhouse for use.
4. Appropriate sowing in order to ensure that the potato's harvesting period is concentrated in the off-season season of potato supply (Heilongjiang Province is generally from mid-May to mid-June), but also according to the temperature in the greenhouse, when the temperature in the greenhouse is stable at 5 It can be planted when the temperature is higher than °C. If there is heating equipment or the nursery greenhouse can be appropriately advanced, Heilongjiang Province generally sows in mid-to late February to mid-March.
The cut potato pieces were placed in a basket and 20 to 30 plants/m2. The area of ​​general fruit baskets is approximately 0.1m2, and 2 to 3 plants can be planted. Each basket of DAP 3 ~ 5g, urea 1 ~ 2g, placed in the middle to prevent fertilizer and potato block contact, resulting in rotten species, and then cover the soil 5 ~ 7cm.
5. It takes about 20 days for the sowing of the culture basket to sow until emergence. At this time before emergence, the culture baskets can be piled up and placed in a nursery greenhouse to save space. Regular inspections are to be carried out in an energy-saving solar greenhouse when they start to emerge. The discharge method is to put the culture baskets in a row along the north wall of the greenhouse, leaving a width slightly smaller than the basket width between each two baskets. In this row of baskets, a row of baskets are placed between the two baskets, and both sides are placed on the bottom baskets. The distance between each two baskets is slightly smaller than the width of the baskets. So put 3 to 4 layers, forming a three-dimensional rack. The placement of culture baskets is the main link for this technology to achieve high yields.
6. Management After emergence, pay attention to timely watering, promote plant growth, keep the temperature in the greenhouse during the day at around 25 °C, and nighttime temperatures above 15 °C. When the plants bud, pay attention to maintain a large temperature difference between day and night, the night temperature is maintained at 15 ~ 18 °C. At the same time, in order to prevent plant growth, spraying paclobutrazol at the budding and flowering stage. When the temperature exceeds 30°C in the late stage of tuber, it is necessary to ventilate and reduce the temperature. You can also move the basket to the outside at the end of May to ensure that there is a low night temperature and promote the tuber. The occurrence of pests and diseases is less, and late blight is only noticed in the late growth period. In the late flowering stage, 70% Kelu wettable powder 700 times liquid or 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 900~1000 times liquid is sprayed every 7~10 times. Spray once a day.
7. The harvest can be harvested in batches according to market demand and potato maturation, and can also be harvested centrally. Collect the nutritious soil in the basket and collect the tubers.
Second, the promotion prospects The use of the technology to produce potatoes can be listed at any time from mid-May to mid-July, and because it is a three-dimensional cultivation, can make full use of the greenhouse space, greatly improving the overall efficiency of the greenhouse. With the promotion of this technology, it can not only solve the problem of supply of potato in the off-season in the northern part of the country, but also provide early processing of potato processing enterprises with high-quality raw materials.

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