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The weather is getting warmer
With warmer weather and higher temperatures, the management methods of greenhouse vegetables should change. However, according to the reporter's understanding, the changes in many vegetable farmers have been somewhat slow, which has caused great impact on the growth of vegetables, and the benefits have been greatly reduced. How can we change the management of vegetables as the weather gets warmer? In this issue, we will talk about this issue. The environmental conditions of the greenhouses must be controlled, and the environmental conditions in the greenhouses must be controlled at low temperatures, low illumination, and high humidity. Therefore, in the control of temperature and light, we advocate the use of thermal insulation and lightening. However, now the weather is warmer, the temperature is increased, the light is strengthened, and the environment of the greenhouse regulates the temperature control stage. First, strictly control the temperature, especially the night temperature. It is recommended that vegetable growers start to let off the wind in the normal weather, after opening the shed for an hour. If the ventilation is not timely, the temperature in the shed will reach 33°C or above, which will cause the vegetables to be unfitted. When the temperature in the shed drops to about 20°C, the air outlet should be closed in time to insulate. When the temperature in the shed drops to about 17°C, the shed should be put on. After the shed is put in, the temperature in the shed will rise slightly. It can reach about 20°C, and the nighttime temperature can be controlled at 13-15°C. This is beneficial to the manufacture of the blades during the day. The photosynthetic products can transfer, distribute, raise roots, promote trees, and attack fruit, and can also increase the temperature difference between day and night, reduce respiratory consumption, and control the growth. Second, remove the curtain of reflection, and the back wall will be properly shaded, but temporarily we will not withdraw it. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the lighting conditions in the shed can fully meet the needs of vegetable growth. The reflective film should be removed in time to prevent the light reflected by the reflective film on the fruit, causing the sunburn phenomenon of the vegetables. With the warming of the weather, excessive heat storage in the back wall of the greenhouse will cause night temperatures to be too high, and nutrient consumption of the plants will be greater. Here, we recommend that vegetable growers can grow beans and other vegetables on the back wall of the greenhouse. This will not only make full use of the space in the greenhouse, increase planting efficiency, but also reduce the heat storage capacity of the back wall and avoid excessive night temperatures. In order to prevent the occurrence of “cold springâ€, the grasshoppers will not be removed temporarily, and the farmers can cover the insulation in time when the weather cools. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, change the method of watering and the types of topdressing fertilizers. Now that the weather is warmer, the temperature of the shed increases and the ground temperature rises. This requires the farmers to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, not only to cultivate roots, but also to quickly produce melons and increase yields. . In general, the demand of vegetables for nitrogen and potassium is higher (such as Solanaceae N, K ratio is about 1:1.8). During the interview, the reporter learned that the majority of vegetable growers in winter watered an average of 20 days, top dressing with humic acids, biological bacteria and other root-causing root fertilizer. So, after entering spring, how can fertilizer management be more appropriate? First of all, the type of fertiliser used must be changed. After the humic acid, biological bacteria and other fertilizers, the impact on the ground temperature is small, and the root cause is light, which is its advantage, especially for the winter flushing. However, its nutrient content is low, it is difficult to meet the demand for rapid nutrient growth of cucumber trees after the weather warms. Therefore, after the weather is warm, water-soluble high-N, high-K fast-acting fertilizers should be used as the main source, such as lighthouses, Fangrun, Haolipu (20-10-30), and the amount of mu should be 8-10 kg. This type of fertilizer is full of nutrition, does not harm the roots, and has high absorption and utilization rate. It is an ideal fertilizer for cucumbers in the period to promote cultivation and harvesting of melons. In addition, each flushing application of 1-2 times water-soluble fertilizer, and then interval application of biological bacteria fertilizer, better effect, can prevent root diseases, promote root development. Second, the watering method must be changed. In winter, many vegetable growers, whether seedling stage, growth stage, or result stage, mainly use small-water fertilizer to control the humidity in the greenhouse. After the weather has warmed, the water requirement for vegetable growth has increased significantly. Note that the intervals between watering and fertilizing are shorter than those in winter, such as 20 days in winter and 10 days in spring. It is better to use a combination of Dashui and Xiaoshui. The effect is better. The inherent pruning method is used to adjust plant type and height in deep winter season. The temperature and ground temperature are low, the growth of vegetable plants is small, and the number of picking up leaves is small. However, after the weather warms, the growth of vegetable plants is accelerated, and the leaves of the vegetables are dense, which makes the ventilation and light transmission between the rows decrease, especially in the lower part of the plant, which tends to form a closed environment, which affects the coloration of the fruits and easily leads to diseases. Therefore, we must do a good job of pruning in time. Cucumbers, loofahs, etc., should be picked up promptly and fall. For the cucumber and loofah, the lower leaves have already aged, the photosynthesis is reduced, and the photosynthetic rate is decreased. Once falling, the upper leaves fall to the bottom, causing the upper and lower leaves to overlap. The organic nutrition produced by the photosynthesis of the lower leaves is not even enough to meet its own needs. Therefore, before falling, we must first remove the old leaves in time, and then let the wound dry before falling. Of course, it can also be carried out at the same time as falling vines. In order to prevent pathogens from invading the injured stalks, spray 600 times of chlorothalonil and 4000 times of agricultural streptomycin after spraying. Peppers, bell peppers picking peppers each time after the main branch of the side branches promptly removed. The purpose of removing the inner twig leaves is to avoid canopy closure between plants, enhance ventilation and light transmission, and at the same time facilitate fruit ripening. The lateral branches and leaves of the plant are located in a large space, with good lighting and strong growth, and the lateral branches produced on the outside can be used as the resulting branches. For the color pepper, the result of changing the four main branches in time is the result of two or three main branches. The soon-to-be-extracted empty branches of the weak branches and figs on the pepper tree are on the one hand to reduce the nutrient consumption of the plant; on the other hand, it can improve the ventilation and light transmission between the rows of plants. At the middle and late stages of the plant, even if the four main branches are equal in growth, one or two main branches should be removed to maintain the growth of the plants. Changing the focus of disease prevention and control As the weather turns warm, mildew and Sclerotinia diseases that are suitable for the occurrence of low temperature and high humidity are alleviated. However, the greenhouse environment that is dry and damp in the spring is very conducive to the occurrence of vegetable powdery mildew and bacterial diseases. The next step is stronger light, and the occurrence of Umbilical rot and Sunburn may also occur. Therefore, we must focus on early prevention. Powdery mildew: Near-round pink spots appear on the leaves. In severe cases, faded green spots appear on the leaves, and some of them grow into large pieces or cover the entire leaf. Powdery mildew is sensitive to sulphur preparations, and the control agents are mainly thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, etc., and can also be used for the world's high and Ami Miao. Umbilical rot: Umbilical rot is usually initially immersed in the top of the fruit (umbilicus), dark green or dark gray, and turns dark brown as the disease progresses. The flesh loses water and the top is flattened or recessed. To control this disease, from the beginning of the flowering stage, foliar spray of 0.1% calcium chloride solution or 0.1% calcium nitrate solution plus 5 mg/L naphthylacetate can be sprayed once every 15 days for a total of 2-3 injections. Bacterial diseases: Bacterial diseases can easily cause stalks and fruit rot, with bad smell. Prevention and control agents are mainly copper preparations and antibiotics. Greenhouse vegetable management advice: In the recent period of time, the outside temperature was high, and many vegetables appeared prosperous. The main reason was that the temperature was higher at night. Remind vegetable farmers to pay attention not to prematurely put grass in the evening. If the temperature in the shed is high, you can put rakes in the grass after dinner and ensure that the night temperature does not exceed 17-18 °C. Recently, it is the main period when the cold spell occurs. The vegetable farmers should pay close attention to the changes in the weather. In particular, greenhouse vegetable growers should make preparations before the occurrence of cold weather and avoid cold damage and cold injury. In addition, the recent occurrence of bacterial diseases on vegetables is more serious. The management of farmers should pay attention to strengthening ventilation and create a suitable dry and wet environment for the growth of vegetables. At the same time, when the bacterial disease occurs at the beginning of the season, spraying with streptomycin or copper ferric chloride fertilizer on the leaves for prevention and treatment.