The Main Points of Red Apple's Staged Harvesting Technology

In recent years, many fruit farmers orchards rushed to harvest and sell during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Although it has grabbed a good price, the fruit has not matured, and the fruit is small, the flavor is light, and the quality of the fruit is not high. This will not only affect the local brands but also affect the entire fruit sales market, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of the apple industry. Therefore, the author will determine several methods suitable for harvesting period and the stages of harvesting techniques are summarized as follows for reference by the majority of farmers.

I. Determination of suitable harvesting period

The early and late harvest period has a great influence on apple yield, quality and fruit storage. The harvest is too early, the fruit is not ripe, the fruit is small, the yield is low, and the fruit color, flavor, etc. cannot show the proper quality, and due to poor development of the cuticle and poor storage. Harvesting too late will result in excessive fruit ripening, reduced hardness, fluffy flesh, impatience of storage and transport, and reduced accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, increasing the size of the year. Red Fuji apples are large, colorful, good quality, resistant to storage and other characteristics, only in the appropriate period of harvest, harvesting in stages, can be fully demonstrated. To determine the harvest period, species characteristics, climatic conditions, etc. must be taken into consideration, which can be determined from the following aspects.

1. The color of the fruit changes. It is mainly based on the change of the background color (from dark green to yellow or light green). Red Fuji apple fruit surface changes from green to dark red, you can pick.

2. Fruit hardness. Fast-ripe fruit, softened flesh and reduced hardness. The index of hardness (kg/cm) of Red Fuji apple harvested is: short-term storage is 5.09-6.81, long-term storage is 6.36-7.26.

3. Fruit growth date. The fruits of each variety, from the full flowering stage to the mature development days, were basically the same under the same cultivation conditions. In the Fuji apple, the precocious Fuji development period is 150-155 days, ordinary Fuji is 175-180 days.

4. Soluble solids. As the fruit matures, the soluble solids content increases. When the content of soluble solids of Red Fuji apple reaches more than 14.0%, it can be harvested.

5. Fruit respiration. When the fruit is nearly mature, the respiration intensity increases, and after reaching a certain height (respiratory transition period), it begins to decline again. With the method of determining the amount of ethylene generated, the time when the respiratory jump occurs can be estimated. It is generally believed that the first 3 to 4 days before the transition period is the appropriate harvest period.

6. Starch content. As the fruit matures, the starch in the fruit is hydrolyzed into sugar, and the content decreases. Starch begins to fade away from the tissue surrounding the ovary and gradually expands outward. With iodine test, it reacted with iodine blue, and then compared with the standard spectrum color to determine the reaction level. Red Fuji apple long-term storage of fruit, up to 1 to 2 should be harvested.

7. Seed color. When the apple is ripe, the surface of the seed is dark brown, which can be used as a sign of proper harvesting.

Second, scientific harvesting

1. Make preparations for fruit picking. According to the fruit-picking plan, various harvesting tools (fruit baskets, fruit boxes, fruit ladders, transportation tools), roads for fruit repairing and fruiting, and fruit and fruit banks should be prepared in advance so that they can be stored in time. 2. Fruit pickers must regulate operations. Red Fuji has a thin peel and is resistant to all kinds of injuries. Before picking the fruit, it is necessary to cut the nails and wear soft-soled shoes. When picking, it should be lightly picked, lightly loaded, and gently unloaded. Use as few stools as possible on the trees to protect the fruits and foliage. 3. Pay attention to fruit picking methods. Before harvesting, the fruit of the net tree should be picked up to reduce the step injury. When picking a single fruit, hold the bottom of the fruit by your hand, hold the handle with your thumb and forefinger, lift it up and separate the fruit stem from the fruit. When picking double fruits, one fruit is held by one hand, and the other fruit is picked by another hand. Then, the fruit is picked up and the fruit shank is protected. 4. Picking order. Generally, the lower part of the tree canopy is used first, then the upper part is taken and the outer part of the tree canopy is taken first, and then the inner part of the crown can be collected. 5. The weather should be selected for harvesting. It is not advisable to harvest before rain, fog or dew. Because of water droplets, the fruit will rot. When you have to pick it up in rainy weather, you need to put the fruit in a ventilated place and dry it as soon as possible.

Third, phased harvest

During the harvest period of apple, the fruit of a tree is not uniform due to its different growth sites, fruit branch status and fruit quantity. If you can harvest in batches, not only can the fruits you harvest be at the same level of maturity, but they can also increase yield and quality. Generally from the appropriate harvesting period, 2 to 3 batches to complete the harvest task. In the first batch, firstly collect the fruit on the periphery of the crown and the upper part is well colored and the fruit is big; in the second batch, about 5 to 7 days after the first batch of picking, the coloring and fruiting are also selected. After another 5 to 7 days, all the remaining fruits on the tree were picked. The first and second crops account for 70%-80% of the whole tree, and the third batch of fruit should account for 20%-30%. When taking the first two batches of fruit, care should be taken not to knock down the fruits left behind, and to minimize losses.

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