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(A) Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer:
Nitrogen compounds containing ammonium ions (NH4+) or ammonia (NH3). Including ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonia (NH4OH), liquid ammonia (NH3) and so on.
1. Common features:
(1) Easily soluble in water, it is a quick-acting nutrient, crops can be directly absorbed and utilized, and fertilizer efficiency is quick.
(2) NH4+ is adsorbed by soil colloids to form exchangeable nutrients with low mobility and leaching loss.
(3) Ammonia volatilization loss occurs due to decomposition of alkaline materials. When used, it cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers; it prevents volatilization during storage and transportation (used after sealing and bag opening); calcareous soil covers the soil deeply.
(4) In well ventilated soils, nitrification is prone to the formation of nitrate nitrogen.
(5) Fertilizer effect is slower but longer than nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer. It can be used as top dressing or base fertilizer.
2. Common ammonium nitrogen fertilizer:
(1) liquid ammonia: liquid ammonia, the composition of NH3, containing N 82.3%, at room temperature and pressure under the gas, it is stored in a pressure vessel. Chemically alkaline, with strong corrosion and irritation, do not make direct contact with the skin. As a basal fertilizer, deep application is not suitable for top dressing and seed dressing. Anti-volatilization.
(2) Ammonia: Molecular formula NH3H2O, 12-17% nitrogen, liquid, volatile, irritating ammonia odor, chemical alkaline (PH greater than 10). Can be used as basal fertilizer, top dressing, not as a fertilizer. Deeply applied after the dilution and covered with soil, adding the adsorbent material can prevent evaporation.
(3) Ammonium bicarbonate: The molecular formula NH4HCO3 contains about 17% nitrogen. Aqueous fertilizer solution is alkaline reaction; chemical properties are unstable, easy to decompose volatile loss of ammonia, prone to deliquescence, agglomeration, no residual components, known as "gas fertilizer." Can be used as basal fertilizer, top dressing, not as a fertilizer. When fertilizing, it will leave the soil and the two will not leave the water.
(4) Ammonium sulfate: The molecular formula NH4SO4 is generally called standard nitrogen fertilizer. Contains 20 to 21% of N. Aqueous fertilizer solution is weakly acidic reaction; physical properties are good (not hygroscopic, no agglomeration), and it belongs to physiological acidic fertilizer, which will cause soil acidification after long-term application alone. Suitable for base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer, suitable for all kinds of crops, Xi sulfur crops have better application effect. When applied, it is not suitable for long-term use alone, and calcareous soil or paddy field should be applied deeply. Paddy field should not be applied for a long time.
(5) Ammonium chloride: Molecular formula NH4Cl, containing 24 to 25% of N. The aqueous solution of fertilizer showed a weak acid reaction; physical properties were better, and the hygroscopicity was slightly larger than that of ammonium sulfate, which was a physiological acidic fertilizer. Suitable for basal fertilizer, top dressing, not suitable for fertilizer. Do not apply chlorine crops when applied, rice fields can be long-term application.
Knowledge of the type and nature of nitrogen fertilizers
According to the compound form: ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, amide nitrogen fertilizer.