After many years of vegetative propagation of strawberry, the virus disease has become increasingly serious, the species of the species has begun to degenerate, and the yield and quality have also declined year by year. Poisoned plants usually show dwarfing of individual plants, smaller leaves, and sharp serrations around the lobules; yellowing of the heart leaves; early flowering, small fruits, reduced yield, difficulty in drawing stolons, and reducing the number of hair extracts. The virus is a kind of parasitoid that is not in the form of cells. It is the smallest life paradox. It contains only one kind of nucleic acid and protein and must be propagated in cells. At present, there are dozens of viruses that infect strawberry. Among them, strawberry mottle virus, strawberry crevasse virus, strawberry light yellow edge virus and strawberry vein virus are four kinds of viruses that are widely distributed and seriously endangered on strawberry. If a single virus infects plants with a 20% to 30% reduction in yield, two virus-infected individuals will reduce their production by up to 50%. Strawberry virus disease mainly spreads through tubers, grafts and aphids. There is no effective drug for treating strawberry virus disease at home and abroad. The selection of virus-free seedlings on cultivation is an effective method to reduce the degree of virus disease. ? Seedlings that do not contain the above four viruses are called virus-free seedlings. Strawberry virus-free seedlings grow neatly and consistently, yield and quality are significantly improved. For virus-free seedlings, the number of stolons increased by 30% to 80%, the number of fruits increased by 15% to 40%, the single fruit weight increased by 10% to 15%, and the soluble solid content increased by 5% to 15%. The virus-free cultivation techniques of strawberries are as follows: 1. Colonization: Choose sandy loam with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, good ventilation and soft texture, thoroughly remove weeds, prevent and control underground pests and disinfect soils, and avoid planting virus-free strawberry seedlings near the old strawberry garden. Pay special attention to locusts. The prevention and treatment. Strawberries should not be repeated for many times, and crop rotation can reduce pest damage. In the first half of the planting period, the disinfected field was deep-turned and applied with sufficient organic manure. Muji had fully decomposed farmyard manure from 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms, cake manure from 150 to 200 kilograms, and compound fertilizer from 50 kilograms. ,Leveling. Ridge cultivation, ridge width of 50 to 60 cm, ridge height of 20 to 30 cm, furrow width of 15 to 20 cm. The ridge was planted on 2 rows with a spacing of 20 cm. From mid-September to early October, colonization is required. The seedlings require 5-6 leaflets. The roots are well developed and the root length is 1 to 1.3 cm. The central buds are full, no mechanical injury, and no quarantine pests. When planting, the rhizome should be flush with the ground and the top of the stem should be exposed on the ground. In order to facilitate fruit placement and harvesting, it is required that the inflorescences of the same line of plants all face the ridge edge. Immediately after the planting, water is irrigated. After planting, it should be watered 2 or 3 times a week, until new leaves are released after the seedlings are released. ? 2. Fertilizer and water management: Reasonable fertilization can make strawberry plants grow robustly, with many flowering results and large fruits. In the growing season, the top dressing is usually 3 to 5 times, and it is best to fully decompose human waste. The lack of water during flowering and fruit enlargement will affect the yield. When drought is encountered, the water should be promptly filled. Strawberries are not resistant to waterlogging. Excessive soil moisture after rain should be eliminated in time. ? 3. Plant management: timely removal of stolons and removal of excessive buds, reduce nutrient consumption, improve fruit yield and quality. The stolon is a reproductive organ of strawberry and directly consumes the nutrient of the mother plant, which affects the formation and yield of flower buds, and at the same time reduces the ability of the plants to overwinter. Therefore, it should be removed in time. The inflorescence of the strawberry is indefinite inflorescence. The flower that blooms first has a good result, the fruit is large, the ripening is early, and the late flower often cannot form the fruit. Therefore, when the inflorescence is separated, the late flower buds are properly removed. The number of results per inflorescence in virus-free seedlings increased, and moderate fruit thinning should also be used to promote fruit enlargement. ? When the growth is too prosperous, it is prone to gray mold, leaf blight, early removal of old leaves, and timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. When cultivated in protected areas, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation in the shed. ? When virus-free seedlings of strawberry are in the process of production, reinfection will also occur. Under normal circumstances, if it is still virus-free after 2 years of cultivation, it will be reinfected in the 3rd year. Therefore, in general every 2 to 3 years, it is necessary to use a new virus-free parent strain to reproduce seedlings for production. Ibrutinib is a small molecule drug that binds permanently to a protein, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that is important in B cells; the drug is used to treat B cell cancers like mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Strawberry virus-free cultivation techniques
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