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Bearing failure check and cause of failure
Due to its own quality and external conditions, rolling bearing's bearing capacity, rotation accuracy and wear resistance will change during the use of the bearing. When the bearing performance index is lower than the use requirements and can not work normally, the bearing will fail or even fail. In case of failure, the bearing and the equipment will stall after a sudden failure such as loss of function and other abnormal phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the cause of the failure in a short period of time and take corresponding measures. To make the bearing in good condition Under the conditions to maintain the proper performance and long-term use. Bearings must be inspected and maintained. Inspection and maintenance are important to prevent malfunctions. The rolling noise, vibration, temperature, and lubrication of bearings must be inspected during operation. 1. Rolling noise of bearings Rolling bearing noise One kind of bearing itself Produced, that is, the inherent noise of the bearing; the other is the noise generated after the bearing is installed, and has nothing to do with the noise of the bearing itself. Some problems can be analyzed by listening to the sound. A) Inherent noise: Rolling sound "various bearings and Rolling friction sound (cylindrical roller bearing) is the inherent sound of rolling bearings. ã€Rolling sound is produced by the elastic properties of the rolling element and the raceway, when the bearing rotates, the rolling element rolls on the raceway Continual and sleek sound; abnormal rolling friction sounds can produce "unclear, creaking" uncomfortable abnormal metal friction sound, good lubrication will not make such a sound. Therefore, it is not a problem under normal circumstances. Only when the noise increases, do you need to pay attention. b) Noise related to bearing manufacturing: This includes cage noise and vibrato. The cage noise mainly occurs in ball bearings and tapered roller bearings. When the bearing rotates, the cage will vibrate and the cage will collide with the rolling elements. Make noise. This sound is cyclical. Vibrato (various bearing) is a sound with a certain frequency, which is caused by the vibration caused by the large waviness on the raceway surface. c) Noise caused by improper use: It exists for various bearings. When the surface of the bearing raceway or the surface of the rolling element is bumped, crushing, and rusted, there will be a period of noise and vibration. When the bearing enters the dust during operation, it will produce dirt noise. This noise is not true. Periodical vibrations are also accompanied by vibrations. The size of the sound is not fixed. Sometimes there is no. 2. Vibration of the bearing The vibration of the bearing has a significant effect on the bearing failure. For example: peeling, indentation, rust, crack, wear, etc. are all in the bearing. The vibration detection is reflected so that the vibration can be measured by using a special bearing vibration measuring device (frequency analyzer, vibrometer, etc.). The frequency of the abnormal vibration can be inferred. The measured value is due to the condition of the bearing or The position of the sensor is different, so it is necessary to analyze and compare the measured values ​​of each machine in advance. 3. Bearing temperature Generally, the temperature of the bearing gradually increases with the start of operation and reaches a stable state after 1 to 2 hours. The normal temperature of the bearing varies depending on the heat capacity, heat dissipation, speed and load of the machine. If the lubrication is not suitable, the bearing Degrees of sudden increase in abnormal high temperatures must be shut down and take the necessary precautions. 4. Lubricant lubrication has an important effect on the fatigue life of rolling bearings and friction, wear, temperature rise, vibration, etc. Without a normal lubrication bearing will not work Analysis of bearing damage causes that about 40% of bearing damage is related to poor lubrication. Therefore, good bearing lubrication is an effective measure to reduce bearing friction and wear. In addition to the bearing lubrication is also on the heat, rust, seal , Mitigation impact and so on. To ensure that the lubricant can not expire failure selection correct. Harvester bearing lubrication oil lubrication and grease lubrication two large machine gearbox oil lubrication selection GL-5 80W90 gear oil; grease lubrication Generally lubricated with molybdenum disulfide lithium grease lubrication torque converter stepless change the lower device must use Mobil XHP222 or better grease lubrication. Bearing failure due to many reasons in addition to the normal fatigue peeling, such as the failure of the seal, due to tight fit Factors such as excessive bearing clearance or poor lubrication can leave special failure traces and failure forms. Therefore, the inspection of failed bearings is mostly The cause of bearing failure can be found in time and measures can be taken in time. In general, one third of the bearing failure is due to the fact that the bearing has reached the normal failure due to the fatigue peeling period; 1/3 due to poor lubrication leads to early failure due to contaminants. Into the bearing or improper installation causes the bearing to fail prematurely. In general, there are seven common symptoms when the bearing operates abnormally: bearing overheating, bearing noise is too large, bearing life is too low, vibration is too large, can not reach the performance requirements of the machine, The bearing is loose on the shaft and the shaft is difficult to rotate. Typical causes of seven common symptoms are formed: grease, lubricant expired or wrongly selected; grease is too full or the oil level is too high; bearing clearance is too small; bearing housing bore Not round, the bearing box is distorted, the bearing surface is uneven, the bore diameter of the bearing box hole is too small; the contact oil seal is too large or the spring is too tight; there are two fixed bearings on one shaft, and the bearing clearance becomes smaller due to shaft expansion. Tightening sleeve over-locked; bearing box hole is too large, the force is unbalanced; two or more bearings with poor coaxiality; anti-loose snap ring contact with the bearing; contact seal grinding Serious, leading to leakage of grease; shaft diameter is too large. Causes the inner ring of the bearing to swell seriously, which reduces the bearing clearance; because the material of the box hole is too soft, the diameter of the hole becomes larger after the force, which causes the outer ring to slip in the hole of the box; The oil level is too low and the grease in the bearing box is insufficient; Miscellaneous materials, sand, carbon powder or other contaminants enter the bearing housing; water, acid, paint or other contaminants enter the bearing housing; debris such as debris in the bearing housing before installation of the bearing is not removed; the shaft diameter is too small. Strictly locking the sleeve is not enough; due to the skid effect (due to rapid start) resulting scratches on the rolling body; due to the unreasonable size of the shoulder shaft caused by bending; shoulder friction to the bearing seal cover; shoulder shoulder in the bearing box in the Department Too small an area causes the outer ring of the bearing to distort; the bearing sealing cover is distorted; the shaft and the inner sleeve of the bearing are distorted; the shaft and the bearing cover are distorted; the incorrect installation method, the bearing is directly struck with a hammer; and the rotating part and the stationary part of the machine are contacted. Contact oil seal wear is serious, resulting in leakage of the lubricant; bearing clearance overshadowed the shaft vibration.
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