Autumn Management of Pond Breeding

Autumn Management of Pond Breeding

1. Adjust the water depth for shallow layers.

In autumn, water temperatures begin to drop, typically remaining below 30°C. At this time, wolfberry plants are still actively growing and entering a favorable growth period. It is essential to adjust the water level so that the pupae are placed near the surface, allowing them to benefit from the warmer upper layer of water and maintain optimal conditions for development.

2. Monitor and manage water quality carefully.

Maintaining good water quality is crucial during this season. Regular water changes and appropriate fertilization help keep the water "fat, live, tender, and cool." The water should have a transparency of around 30 cm, a pH between 7 and 8, and dissolved oxygen levels of 3–5 mg/L. These conditions support a healthy environment for the organisms and promote their growth.

3. Focus on fattening the oysters.

As the water temperature decreases, the availability of plankton declines. Oysters that have consumed large amounts of energy during the warmer months need to replenish their fat reserves in order to survive the winter. Poor water quality or incorrect fertilization can weaken their health and even lead to mortality. Therefore, it's important not to relax management during this time. Early in the season, more chemical fertilizers can be used, while later on, organic manure becomes the primary choice. This helps the oysters build up sufficient nutrition to avoid potential losses when water temperatures rise again in spring. Chicken, duck, and bird manure are ideal as organic fertilizer, but it must be fermented and mixed with 1% quicklime before use. The main fertilizers used are urea and superphosphate in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3. Mix them with water and apply them in small amounts—typically 1 kg of urea and 3 kg of superphosphate per application.

4. Implement regular disinfection and disease prevention measures.

During the bacterial enteritis epidemic season, which usually occurs between April and October, it is important to disinfect the entire pond. A dose of 1 g/m³ of bleach or 15 kg/a of quicklime can be used for this purpose. For sick individuals, inject 1–2 tons of tetracycline hydrochloride, along with 1–2 ml of chlortetracycline combined with calcium gluconate. Soak the affected oysters in a 3% saline solution for 5 minutes, and also disinfect the culture racks using salt water to prevent further contamination.

5. Remove unwanted attachments regularly.

After being raised for some time, pearl larvae often accumulate a lot of mud and other organisms such as algae, freshwater sponges, and polychaetes on the nets, cages, and structures. These attachments can hinder the growth of the larvae and reduce overall productivity. It is necessary to clean these regularly. During the months of April to October, cleaning should be done every other month to ensure a clean and healthy environment for the oysters.

This detailed approach ensures that all aspects of care are addressed, promoting better survival rates and healthier growth throughout the seasonal transition.

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