Preventing Vegetable Pests Even After Rainfall

From September 26 to October 6th, more than ten days of continuous rain has brought great impact on vegetable production in our province. During this period, many vegetable farmers in Luancheng County, Xushui County, and Qingyuan County reflected to this newspaper. Rainfall caused serious diseases and pests in autumn vegetables. In this regard, the newspaper invited the plant protection station Jiang Jingyu to promote the researcher for the current situation of pests that mainly harm the production of vegetables, put forward prevention and control measures, and hope to help the production of a large number of vegetable farmers.

Since the end of September, our province has experienced rare even bright rain weather. From September 26 to October 6, there was no rain on October 2. The rest of the time was light rain, and sometimes it was rainy and rainy. The dry land brings vitality, but it also provides suitable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insects in autumn vegetables. Some pests in the field are rapidly spread and propagated by rainwater. During this period, many vegetable farmers have reported the harm of pests and diseases of vegetables and the problems that have arisen in prevention and control. Now, they have put together a reply for your reference.

1. Cabbage diseases are aggravated. On October 8th, a vegetable farmer in Luancheng County reported that his cabbage was in a state of disease and was characterized by bad roots and odors. The number of diseased plants in the field was several, and the rate of diseased plants was high. The diagnosis was a soft rot. The site of soft rot disease mainly festers at the petiole stalk or petiole and flows out of the smelly taupe viscous material. Soft rot occurs from the rosette period to the heart-filling period and is currently the peak period of the disease. This continuous rainfall has contributed to the development of soft rot. First, because the soft rot pathogen is a wound invading disease, such as prolonged drought and rain, cabbage is prone to natural cracks, the invasion of bacteria increases, the disease spreads rapidly in the field; Second, due to the weakening of the calli ability of cabbage after the rosette period, Seriously after the heart-packing period; the third is the rain caused more than the base of the leaves soaked, so that it is in anoxic state, the wound is not easy to heal. The important mode of transmission of soft rot is spreading with water, so after the rain, we must pay close attention to preventing and controlling the disease. According to the situation reflected by farmers in Yucheng City, he used drug prevention before the rain, but the effect was not satisfactory. I feel that there are several aspects that should be taken care of in order to improve the control effect. The first is the treatment of diseased plants. Severely affected strains must be resolutely removed, and the diseased holes are disinfected with lime. The diseased plant must be taken out of the field and buried in the digging pit. Otherwise, the germs that can rain again can spread to the healthy plants with water. The second is the site of medication, spraying carefully and thoroughly sprayed to the petiole and stem base near the ground surface. The third is to protect the base of cabbage and avoid infestation. We can consider spreading the pharmacists around the roots of cabbage. The fourth is the rotation of medication. It can be sprayed with 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times or neomycinectin 4000 times or 77% wettable powder 800 times or 14% tramathrin 400 times. Interval 3 to 5 days, continuous use of 3 to 4 times.

In addition, the recent reflection of Chinese cabbage dry heart problems. At present, cabbage is in the heart-wrapping period. Due to the large moisture content in the field, it has an adverse effect on the absorption of roots. Therefore, the leaves should be filled with some fertilizer, which can be sprayed twice with 0.2% calcium chloride and 6000 times.

2. Accelerated the epidemic of purple onion. On October 8th, a vegetable farmer in Xushui County reported that the onion plucked the purple spot and became black mold. Onion green spot disease is a common occurrence of green onions, in the past two years in the August-September planting period of green onions occurs more common, is the main cause of dry tip disease.

Onion onion caused by P. oleracea infested the onion leaves to form obvious lesions. The lesions appeared grayish-white at the beginning, and later expanded into elliptical or spindle-shaped, 2 to 4 cm long and dark purple. The first feature is that there is a clear yellow halo around the lesion; second, the lesion has a dark brown or dark gray mold layer, arranged in a concentric ring pattern; third, the leaves are softened and collapsed at the lesion, and the tip tips are withered and dry. White, purplish.

Purple onion is a fungal disease. It is infested with onion leaves by Alternaria spp. The pathogens are overwintered by mycelium on the sick, and are transported by air currents, rainwater, pathogens through the stomata, wounds, or directly penetrate the epidermis. The suitable temperature for disease onset is 25°C～27°C. It does not occur when the temperature is lower than 12°C. The temperature in autumn is just suitable for the germ propagation. When the field lacks fertilizer or sandy land conditions, or onion pests and other pests are heavy, it will help disease.

The vegetable farmer said that he had used 3 drugs, including the anti-virus drugs. According to the current conditions, I feel that the high humidity conditions of continuous rainfall reduce the control effect. It is recommended to adopt a comprehensive approach to strengthen prevention and control. First, diseased leaves that have already dried up should be cut off and burned. Reduce the source of re-infected bacteria. Second, the rotation of drugs, with 64% anti-virus WP 500 times or 58% metalaxyl WP wettablet 500 times or 3% NR 120 spray 100 times, 7 to 10 days 1 time , use 2 to 3 times. At the same time mixed with 6000 times liquid brassin and 600 times green wind 95, enhance plant resistance to disease, restore chlorophyll, and conducive to dry matter accumulation, so that the onion stalks are not empty.

3. Causes the occurrence of low-temperature and high-humidity diseases. Qingyuan County, a vegetable farmer reflected that 5 mu of tomatoes were planted with relatively severe powdery mildew and gray mold. These two diseases are diseases of low temperature and high humidity, and they are mainly harmful to tomato, cucumber, and other eggplant and melon vegetables. From September to October of the year, they should be cool autumn weather. This kind of low-temperature and high-humidity disease does not occur. However, the episodic weather from the end of September to October 7 made the disease popular.

Powdery mildew, also known as "white hair" disease, is susceptible to disease on cloudy days. The suitable temperature for disease onset is 25°C to 30°C. Appropriate air relative humidity is 75%, and it can also be caused by drought. In the absence of air circulation, extensive management, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, plant length, too dense foliage, light prone to disease.

Botrytis is also a disease of low temperature and high humidity. The germ development is suitable for temperature 18 °C ~ 23 °C, suitable for more than 90% of high humidity conditions. Even more cloudy days, low temperatures, high humidity, long duration of condensation, and heavy winds do not occur in time. Cucumber fruiting period is the peak period of the disease infection, tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper also occurs the disease.

Powdery Mildew Control: Prevention of the onset of disease can be used lipid membrane 30 to 50 times; early onset of the use of agricultural anti-120, 20% anti-fungal 200 times, 10% Shigao 1500 times, 40% Dupont Fuxing 5000 times spray, the above drug Rotation use, once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 3 to 4 times.

Prevention of gray mold: timely removal of diseased fruits after the occurrence of gray mold, with a deep sense; rotation of medication, such as 40% Shi Jiale suspension 800 to 1000 times liquid, Terex 600 to 800 times liquid, 65% grams of clode 1000 times liquid, 60% anti-mildew superfine 600 times liquid spray, 7 days, once every 2 to 3 times.

4. Pay attention to prevention and treatment. According to monitoring, the occurrence of heavy earthworms in autumn this year was investigated in Anxin County. By September 25, 1328 lamps were attracted to a single lamp and 989 were oil gourds, which was higher than last year. The rainy climate is conducive to the occurrence of earthworms. The Chinese cabbage is a major hazard in the autumn and must control the population density. Methods are: 90% trichlorfon crystal 30 times, mix 30 to 50 kilograms of sauteed wheat bran or cottonseed cake per kilogram of liquid, and add water, so that the hand rub can be slightly out of water is appropriate, and then spread in the field, trapping cricket.

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