In the process of pellet feed processing, the high chalkiness not only affects the quality of the feed, but also increases the processing cost accordingly, and has a certain impact on the storage and transportation of feed. To control the chalking rate, the first is the determination of the chalking rate. General feed mills are sampling after the end of the finished packaging process or stacking. Although the test results directly reflect the feed powdering rate, they cannot reflect the fluctuation factors of the powdering rate caused by various processes and processes. Therefore, it is recommended that Each process is effectively monitored, with the main focus on prevention and prevention. It is also recommended that the manufacturer determine the powdering rate of the feed before it is fed to the farmer, which represents the quality of the final chalking rate. The following is an analysis of each process: 1. Formulation: Due to the differences in feed formulations of various species, the degree of difficulty in processing varies. In general, crude protein and lower fat content feeds are easier to granulate, whereas crude protein and crude fat content are less. If it is high, it will not be easy to be formed after granulation, loose particles and high powdering rate. Comprehensive consideration of feed quality, formula is the premise, in the case of meeting the nutritional ratio should consider the difficulty of granulation. In order to ensure the overall quality. 2. Grinding process: The size of the feed grinding particle size directly affects the pelleting quality. The smaller the pellets, the greater the surface area per unit weight of the pellets, the better the cohesiveness during granulation, and the higher the granulation quality, otherwise it affects the granulation quality. However, if the size of the crushed particles is too small, the cost of the smashing process will increase, and some nutrients will be destroyed. How to select different crushed particle sizes according to the comprehensive quality requirements and cost control is the key to laying a solid foundation for the granulation process. Recommendation: The particle size of livestock feed before granulation: more than 16 mesh The grain size of the feed before granulation of aquafeeds: more than 40 mesh. 3, granulation process: 1 First of all, tempering is the key. If the tempering is not sufficient, it will directly affect the granulation quality; the factors mainly include the time of tempering, steam pressure, steam temperature, etc. The main indicators of the results are reflected in the tempered water and the tempering temperature. . Excessively low or high tempered water, excessively high or low tempering temperature have a great influence on the granulation quality, especially if they are too low, the granulation of feed pellets will not be tight, and the rate of particle breakage and chalking rate will increase. Not only does it affect the quality of the pellets, but it also increases the cost of processing due to the anti-copying of the pellets after screening, resulting in the loss of some nutrients. Suggestion: Sichuan water quality control in 15-17%. Temperature: 70-90 °C (Inlet steam should be decompressed to 220-500kpa, steam temperature control into the 115-125 °C or so). 2 Granulators The factors of pellet quality include: According to different varieties, different specifications of ring molds are selected. For some varieties with high protein and fat content, thickened ring molds are required. During the operation, the pressure gap between the press roll and the ring die, and the regulation of the material exit temperature affect the granulation quality in different degrees. The selection of the particle size and the particle length is also worth considering. The discharge temperature is recommended to be controlled at about 76-92°C. (Excessively low outlet temperature causes insufficient feed maturation and lower particle hardness.) 4. Cooling process: If the cooling process is uneven or the cooling time is too fast, this process will cause the particles to burst, causing the feed surface to be irregular and easy to break, thereby increasing the chalking rate. The general cooling time should be >6 minutes. The amount of cooling and suction should be around 40-60m3/mint (Note: In the initial cooling, the amount of suction should be reduced before the material in the cooler reaches a certain level. With the increase of material level, the suction volume is adjusted to the best and the cooler is The material distribution is even). 5, vibration grading screen: If the graded sifting layer is too thick or unevenly distributed, it can easily cause incomplete sieving, thus increasing the powder in the finished product. The chiller feeding too quickly can easily cause the grading screen layer to be too thick, especially when the particle size is ≤ Φ 2.5mm. 6, finished packaging process: As the finished product warehouse is generally extended from the top floor of the factory floor to the bottom floor, and the gap is large, the finished product packaging process should be in the continuous production process. The finished product warehouse should store at least 1/3 of the finished product before it starts to be packed to avoid feed from high. Falling and falling caused the powder in the finished product to increase. This is especially the case for materials with higher chalking rates. In summary, there are many factors that restrict the powdering rate in the production process of pellet feed. Because the formula, equipment, and processing technology of the feed manufacturers are different, their control approaches are not the same, but the general manufacturers are all making Efforts should be made to make process control as far as possible so as to avoid increasing the rate of powdering due to improper operation. However, if due to the nutritional needs of some varieties or processing equipment, process restrictions, can not solve the problem of high feed powder rate, then consider the need to add adhesives to help granulation, in order to avoid large-scale transformation of the equipment brought about by the high input. In particular, aquafeeds require the addition of binders for their nutritional needs, physiological properties, and feed characteristics to improve the quality of feed pellets and their retention time into the water. At present, the binders used in the feed mills include commonly used binders and synthetic binders. 1. Commonly used binders include: bentonite, wheat flour, alpha-starch, etc. Bentonite is mainly used as filler and binder, but it is mainly used in livestock and poultry feed, and is rarely used in fish feed. Wear is large and it is not conducive to digestion and absorption. Wheat flour and α-starch are used as ordinary adhesives, which are characterized by low prices, but large additions, which occupy a large amount of formulation space, and have a general bonding effect. 2, synthetic adhesives: The main components are high polymer compounds such as dihydroxymethylurea prepolymers. Features are: less addition, higher adhesion. However, because it is a macromolecular compound, it cannot be digested and absorbed by the animal. If the amount is increased, due to the principle of cohesiveness (cured macromolecule sac structure), the digestion and absorption of feed components will be slowed down, thereby reducing feed remuneration. Feeding SB-B pellet feed adhesive: It is a high-efficient natural adhesive processed from all-natural green edible plant extracts. The main ingredient is swollen colloid gluten. Its bonding principle is unique. Fiber network structure, strong binding force (more than 3 times of α-starch), less addition (1-3%), and high digestion and absorption rate (a kind of polysaccharide colloid, can be used for food consumption), safety No pollution. Use this product can significantly improve the quality of granulation, reduce the breakage rate and the rate of powdering 3-5 times. For aquatic product pellet feed, it can improve the stability of feed in water, prolong the feed water retention time (more than 0.5h static), and reduce the loss rate (more than 70% static experiment).
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How to effectively control the powder feed rate of pellets