Yacon Introduction Source: Beijing Yinong Gaoke Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The yacon has been grown in many countries in the world, and the names of countries are different. After the introduction of China, there are several ways to call it, such as yacon, chrysanthemum, snow lotus, ginseng fruit, Yagong Yagong. The names of Yagong and Yagong may be translated from the local name yacon. The yam is a part of the Asteraceae family and uses some forms of yam. We think that the scientific name is called "juyaku" and it is appropriate for yams. In 1985, Saitama Prefecture, Japan was introduced successfully. In recent years, it has entered China through a variety of channels and has been successfully introduced and cultivated in Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Shandong, Henan, and Hebei. The production demonstration area gradually increased. The products are used for export and some of them go into supermarkets. Yacon is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family. The stems grow upright, round and hollow, purple; leaves opposite, broad-leaved, like a heart-shaped, dense hair on the leaves, the base of each leaf has a bud, plant looks like Jerusalem artichoke, can grow to 2-3 meters high. The top of the flower, there are five, shaped like a yellow, shaped like a sunflower is lovely, fruit, but not seed. The edible part of yacon is rooted and resembles sweet potato. Jui juicy, without starch, raw, fried or cooked, taste crisp, sweet and refreshing. Tubers and leaves can be processed to make beverages. The buds used for propagation are located at the neck of the root and resemble ginger blocks. Inflorescences with yellow ligulate petals at the edge of inflorescence. The method of eating can be washed and peeled and eaten raw, as well as stewed chicken or ribs soup. Japanese researchers are developing yacon as a raw material for the extraction of fructo-oligosaccharides and have developed a series of processed products such as pickled products, dried pieces and confectionery. The yacon slices or bars can remain brittle during cooking and therefore have the potential to become a member of the stir-fry dishes. Information from the International Potato Center shows that Yacon is rich in sweet fructooligosaccharides. No enzymes in the human body can hydrolyze this carbohydrate and it is difficult to be absorbed by people. Diabetics can also use it. Yacon's fructose content is 60-70% of dry matter. Its content is the highest among all plants. It is also rich in minerals and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium and selenium. Research in Japan and found that taking 3-6g of fructooligosaccharides daily, within 3 weeks, the amount of toxic carcinogenic compounds in human feces can be reduced by more than 40 percent. The yacon carbs are rarely absorbed by the body and are therefore suitable for diabetics and dieters. Fructose oligosaccharides have: 1 digestion and conditioning of the gastrointestinal tract; 2 are probiotics of the beneficial bacteria flora in the intestine, producing bifidogenic factors; 3 conditioning of the blood, removal of hyperlipidemia, effective control of cholesterol and diabetes; 4 laxative, Prevention of diarrhea; 5 reduce fire, clear poison, prevent facial blemishes and acne; 6 improve immunity. It is important to note that yacon contains a chemical ingredient called tannin, also called tannin. After the yacon is cut and peeled, it will turn brown when exposed to the air. The reason for the discoloration is that due to oxidation, the phenols in the tannins produce ruthenium polymers that form brown pigments, also known as melanin. In order to prevent discoloration, peeled and cut yacon can be soaked in clean water to isolate it from the air and prevent oxidative discoloration. Yacon cultivation and cultivation techniques The yacon, also known as the chrysanthemum, is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Asteraceae, native to tropical South America. In the past two years, the species was successfully planted in northern China. The yacon plant is similar to Jerusalem artichoke (Euphorbia japonica) and is a kind of root food. It looks like sweet potato (hawthorn). Its flesh tastes like a pear. Its skin is thin, crystal clear, sweet and crisp but without residue. Can be eaten raw fruit, but also for vegetable stew, soup, unique flavor, delicious, but also restaurants fine cuisine, the market demand is great, suitable for large-scale development. Through experimentation, it was found that Yacon has a strong adaptability, and its growth environment is similar to that of a mountain pod. It is not tolerant to cold, and frost stalks die. The yakon fruit has a growth period of about 6-7 months. It is mainly vegetatively propagated in tubers. It is generally planted in spring or early summer and harvested in late autumn. Generally, 3 kg of fruit are produced per plant, the highest yield is 10 kg, and the yield per mu is 3000-4000 kg. The taste is comparable to the origin. First, land preparation and ridging: Choose lands that are convenient for drainage and irrigation, loose soil, apply 2,000-3,000 kilograms of farmyard fertilizer per acre, and spread till evenly. In order to ensure that the fruit is pollution-free, no chemical fertilizers or pesticides are applied, a row spacing of 1 meter is used and the spacing between the plants is 0.6 meters. Before the planting, the ridge is opened and the yacon seedlings (seedlings) are planted on the ridge back. 1000-1200 strains. In order to prevent the harm of underground pests, appropriate amount of quicklime can be applied in the planting hole for prevention. Mushi 60 kg high-quality phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of potassium fertilizer plus 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer, conditions can be spread into more than 10 kilograms of elemental minerals, to improve production and commercial quality has a good effect. Second, the purchase of seed seedlings Before planting, you should purchase seed seeds that are full, robust, and disease-free. Sprout species (sub) ball, thin and weak diseased seedlings will not get high quality and high yield, purebred seedlings is the basis for ensuring high yields. III. Pre-germination before planting The yacon is a long-day crop. The earlier the planting time, the higher the yield and the more comprehensive the accumulation of nutrients. Therefore, the northern planting can promote the growth cycle by pre-germination. The bulbs begin to germinate at a planting time of about 30 days. The separated pellets are coded in the room or shed. The single layer or double layer can be directly covered with a single layer of 8-10 cm, and the covering soil must maintain a certain humidity. One layer of bulbs is covered with soil and covered with a plastic film. To germinate buds to form buds, it is necessary to promptly plant vegetation in order to facilitate normal growth. IV. Cultivation and planting During the period of colonization, they are different in different places. In general, when the soil temperature is stable at 14-15 °C in the spring when 5 centimeters are stable, the planting can be planted in advance. The planting method can be used to transplant the seedlings after germination. Water the seedlings properly. The yacon should strive for superficiality on the basis of ensuring survival. The planting depth is generally 5-6 cm. It is required that the soil is tightly closed and consistent in depth when planting, so that the plants will be exposed on the ground and the slurry will not stick when the water is poured. Straight, seedlings should not be exposed too long to prevent the winds from affecting survival. Fourth, field management 1. Seedling stage: The period of stable seedling rooting is stable from cultivation to seedling growth, lasting about 10 days. After the yacon is planted, it is necessary to check the seedlings to make up the seedlings in order to ensure the whole seedlings. After planting, the seedlings should be irrigated once and then cultivated once every 10-15 days to loosen soil, increase the temperature, eliminate weeds, and promote the rapid growth of the plants. The humidity in the field is kept at 60-80%, and the soil temperature is appropriate at 15-25 degrees. 2. Growth period: 30-40 days after cultivation, with the increase of temperature, plant growth is accelerated, the amount of fertilizer and water needed is large, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened in time. In case of drought, 20 kg of mixed fertilizer can be recovered with water. , The base fertilizer can be homeless 5-8 pounds of urea. After pouring, timely cultivating and loosening of soil urea should be carried out. In combination with cultivator, cultivating soil and ridges can be used to prevent the ridge ridge from collapsing, so as to avoid causing seedlings to die. 3, pruning left plant: When the stem grows to about 0.6 meters, will give birth at the base of a lot of litchi, appropriately selected to leave two litchi growth to get rid of excess litchi, and cultivator weeding, top dressing, soil anti-loft. Experiments show that too many branches will affect the normal growth of underground fruit, generally leaving 2 to 3 main branches, and all others are erased. After the plants grow to 50 cm in height, branches and tillers begin to appear, and they must be cut off in time. In addition, when planting, it is best to sow or nurse seedlings for balanced growth. Growing more than one or more shoots will affect fruit yield and quality. 4, in the late period: from late July to late August this period, the stems and leaves prosperous long fruit block formation, leaf area coefficient reached the maximum, in order to promote the control, promote control. This period coincides with the high temperature season, the plants grow fast, to prevent leggy, can use 50PPM paclobutrazol even spray, in case of drought need to water, in order to promote fruit enlargement, mu can use 10 kg of potassium topdressing, while increasing its sugar content . In early September, when the fruit grows, the stems and leaves slowly grow until stagnation, nutrients are transported to the roots, and the growth center is turned from the ground to the ground. Management still protects the stems and leaves to maintain normal physiological functions, promotes rapid fruit enlargement, and ensures that the soil moisture content is 60- 70%, so pour small water in time, but do not water it for 20 days before yacon harvest. In the event of Qiuyu, it is necessary to drain water in time to prevent hardiness and rot. Before the summer heat, the leaves of yacon go into the transition period. To prevent premature senescence, prolong and enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves, promote the enlargement of the fruit pieces, and spray fertilizer on the leaves. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250 g was sprayed with 30-40 kg of water and sprayed twice. The middle and late management of yacon can not be ignored. To ensure high yield and high quality in the growth stage, it is particularly important to convert vegetative growth into reproductive growth. Pruning should be based on plant growth to ensure ventilation and light transmission. In recent years, we have explored through research, spraying PA expansion fruit in the fruit expansion period has a good help for fruit growth. V. Pest Management There are few pests and diseases of yacon, mainly the control of ground tigers, early use of low-toxicity enemies to kill pesticides, and 50 kg of boiled soybeans per acre combined with top-dressing to compose poison baits to control underground pests such as cockroaches and cockroaches. Six, timely harvest The fruit of yacon is an asexual vegetative body, there is no obvious maturity standard and harvest period, but the harvest will sooner or later have a close relationship with the output, seed storage, storage, processing and utilization of yacon, and the harvest will reduce the yield too soon. Affected by low temperature and cold damage, the yacon harvest is appropriate. Generally, the stem tip of the plant begins to wither. After the frost, the leaves begin to yellow and the above-ground parts dry and begin to excavate the fruit. The north should finish the plan before the frost.
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