The continuous cultivation of tomato in the facility makes soil salinization, root-knot nematode and other soils a continuous obstacle, and increases the use of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process. Together with the increase in labor costs, it increases the cost of planting and reduces the planting benefits of farmers. Therefore, farmers need a new type of cultivation technology. The technique of soilless cultivation of tomato in coconut palm came into being, overcoming the soil continuous cropping, causing salinization, root-knot nematode disease, etc., as well as perfecting the problems of low scientific and technological content, rising labor costs, and hidden dangers of product quality and safety. And it has the advantages of environmental protection, pollution-free, improvement of working conditions, saving labor, water and fertilizer. The following is a summary of the technology of coco soilless tomato cultivation as follows! Coco peat is a coconut shell fiber powder that is a processed coconut by-product or waste. Coco peat is suitable as a cultivation medium after processing. The technology uses coco peat as a cultivation medium. 1 Construction of soilless culture system of coco 1.1 Construction of cultivation tank Firstly, the floor of the greenhouse will be leveled by 0.5% in the north-south direction, and the north will be high and low. Then, the planting trench is excavated at a distance of 1.5 m, the groove width is 20 cm, and the depth is determined by the slope of 1%, which is subject to the self-flow drainage. Excavate an east-west drainage ditch outside the southern end of the planting ditch, the depth is lower than the planting ditch to ensure the smooth discharge of nutrient residue. After leveling the operation between the planting trenches, it is covered with white horticultural ground cloth to isolate the soil. Finally, the construction process of the whole soilless cultivation tank is completed according to the process flow of the code brick → paving the separator film → discharging the flow board → spreading the coconut planting bag. The code brick is made of red brick for construction with a size of 24 cm × 12 cm × 5 cm. 1.2 Cultivation substrate The cultivation substrate was selected from the cocoon planting bag provided by Jiangsu Green Harbor Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. The size of the coco peat bag was 100 cm×18 cm. Coco peat is a coconut shell fiber powder, which is a natural and environmentally friendly renewable resource, and the coco peat is compressed, storage space is small, and transportation cost is low. At present, coco peat is an environmentally-friendly soilless culture substrate widely used in the world. It has the advantages of clean, no pollution, no pests and diseases, good permeability, suitable for vegetable root development, reusable, low cost and good controllability. . 1.3 Irrigation fertilization system The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer application machine of Jiangsu Green Harbor Modern Agriculture Company was selected, and the model was LGF-3. The liquid supply system is composed of a fertilizer water supply pipeline, an irrigation control main valve, a drip irrigation pipe, and the like; the liquid return system is composed of a drainage tank isolation membrane, a liquid return recovery pipe, a non-clogging sewage pump, a liquid return equipment control cabinet, an ozone generator, and the like; The control system consists of a fertilizer applicator, a water supply pump, a water inlet control valve, a mother liquor tank, a water storage tank, and a filter. The water source requires an EC value of less than 0.1 mS/cm and a pH of 6-7. 2 tomato soilless culture management technology 2.1 variety selection Aiji 201 and Ai Jijiali, special varieties of tomato soilless culture selected by Jiangsu Green Harbor Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. were selected. Aiji 201, single fruit quality 230 ~ 250 g, unlimited growth of red fruits, good early maturity, strong growth; comprehensive disease resistance, anti-tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease, leaf mold and other common diseases of tomatoes. Ai Ji Jiali, red cherry tomato, single fruit quality 18 ~ 25 g, infinite growth type, medium growth, early maturity. 2.2 colonization Before planting, dip the coco peat with water through a drip irrigation pipe and drain all the recovered liquid. Open 5 colonization ports at a distance of 20 cm on a 1 m long coco peat bag. Choose a sunny afternoon or cloudy weather to plant the plants. The seedlings should not be too deep, and the nursery and the substrate should be flush. About 2,000 plants are planted per 667 m2. 2.3 Fertilization program Select water-soluble fertilizers for soilless cultivation of Jiangsu Lugang Modern Agriculture Company, A fertilizer (large amount of elements), B fertilizer (microelements), Brant Ca (water-soluble Ca fertilizer), specific fertilization scheme and EC value of nutrient solution, The pH control is shown in Table 1. In daily management, the EC value and pH value are adjusted every 3 to 5 days, and the black filter after the fertilizer barrel is cleaned regularly every week. 2.4 Plant adjustment 1 hanging vine When the plant grows to 30-50 cm, sling and vine in time. Pull a wire above the plant in the direction of the cultivation line as a fixed support. The hanging vines are made of "M" shaped hooks wrapped around a polyethylene rope. The "M" shaped hooks are hung on the wire, and the polyethylene rope is tied to the tomato plant and wound clockwise as the plant grows. After the tomato is hung, the solid fruit clip is used together to ensure that the tomato seedling is easy to care, and the stem splitting phenomenon caused by the overweight of the fruit does not occur. When the plants grow too high, put the ropes down for easy management. 2 snoring and picking leaves In the management, single-stalk pruning is adopted. When snoring, the remaining side branches except the side branches should be removed in time, that is, two pieces of functional leaves that have grown up are removed, and the young shoots are removed. When the uppermost target ear is flowering, two leaves are left after picking; After the first panicle is ripe, the leaves of the lower yellow leaves and the leaves of the old leaves or plants are removed in time. 3 pollination Tomatoes are self-pollinating plants, but under the conditions of facility cultivation, due to poor ventilation and few insects, artificial assisted pollination is preferred. After the sun comes out, gently tap the wire of the sling with a bamboo pole to pollinate in a vibrating manner. In addition, bumblebee pollination can be used, which is green and environmentally friendly. 2.5 pest control The main pests and diseases of tomato include gray mold, early blight, late blight, leaf mold, virus disease, aphids, whitefly, and leafworm. 1 gray mold Use 50% procymidone WP 1500 to 1500 times solution + 75% chlorothalonil WP 600-800 times solution, 40% pyrimethanil chlorothalonil WP 800 to 1 000 times or 26 % imipenem and carbendazim dispersible granules 1 500 to 2 000 times liquid spray control. 2 early blight Use 64% hydrogen copper · Fumei zinc wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid, 50% different bacteria · Fumei double wettable powder 800 ~ 1 000 times liquid or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1 500 times liquid + 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times liquid control. 3 nights of disease Use 69% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder 1 000～1 500 times liquid or 560 g/L azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil suspension agent 2 000~3 000 times liquid spray control. 4 leaf mold 40% fluorosilicone emulsifiable concentrate 4 000 times solution + 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 50% isourea suspension 1 500 times solution or 30% ether oxystrobin suspension 2 500 times liquid spray control . 5 virus disease Use 20% morpholinium·potassium acetate wettable powder 500-700 times liquid, 4% imipenem water 200-300 times liquid or 18% humic·morpholinium wettable powder 600 times liquid spray control. 6 locusts, whiteflies Use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 25% buprofezin wettable powder 1 000～2 000 times liquid, 50% clothianidin water dispersible granule 2 000～3 000 times liquid, 5% high chlorine · acetamiprid Wet powder 2 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid or 50% anti - Converse WP 10,000 ~ 2 000 times liquid spray control. 7 spotted fly Use 50% chlorfenapyr WP 2,000 to 3,000 times solution, 11% acesulfame suspension 3 000 to 4 000 times or 20% Avi · insecticidal single emulsion 1500 times liquid spray Drug control. The use of coco peat as a medium to cultivate tomatoes has the characteristics of pollution-free, green and environmentally friendly, and saving labor. The selection of excellent tomato varieties can increase production and income, and bring considerable economic benefits to farmers. Infusion set,Disposable Syringe,Insulin Syringe,gauze roll,Cotton roll,Sterile Urine cup FOSHAN PHARMA CO., LTD. , https://www.fspharmamedicine.com
How is tomato grown without soil? Tomato soilless culture technology