Chestnut cultivation five points
1. Chestnut ecological adaptability Chestnut has strong adaptability to climate and soil and other environmental conditions, and its cultivation scope is very wide. Chestnut is most suitable for slightly acidic to neutral soils, with a pH of between 4.6-7.0 and a salt content of not more than 0.2%. Alkaline soils leave the leaves yellow and have poor growth. When planting, low mountains should be selected. The Yueling soil is deep and the fertile, moist and sunny slopes are opened to the afforestation. Shade slopes should not be planted. Second, improved varieties of large fruit varieties in the South have (1) red hair early, produced in Lake Beijing Mountain County. (2) Large chestnuts are produced in Zigui. (3) Early chestnut, Zhongchi chestnut, wool chestnut, and sweet-scented osmanthus were produced in Luotian. (4) Nine species, produced in Wu County, Jiangsu Province. (5) Light top oil chestnut, selected for planting in Jiangsu Province. There are (1) Jinfeng, which is produced in Shandong Zhaoyuan County. (2) Haifeng and Shifeng, produced in Haiyang County, Shandong Province. (3) Yanfeng, produced in Huairou County, Beijing. (4) Yanshan Red and Yanchang, produced in Changping County, Beijing. Chestnut cross-pollination tree species, generally should be the same as the main cultivar flowering period, maturity of the same species as pollination varieties, according to 5-8:1 mixed planting. Third, nurturing strong seedling chestnut seedlings: The common anvil application is more common, but also useful wild chestnut (two chestnut) as rootstock, but chestnut and chestnut can not be used as rootstock, its grafted seedlings is not easy to survive. Seed treatment: Chestnut seed is afraid of dryness, heat, and freezing. After the seeds are selected, they are worm-killed with aluminum phosphide and sterilized with 100 times thiophanate-methyl solution. After the seeds are treated, they are stored in a clean and moist river sand layer. . Sowing: From early March to early April, the spacing is 33cm and the spacing is 16.5-20cm. The seedlings should have a stem diameter of 0.8cm or more, a seedling height of 1m or more, and a well-developed root system with 10,000 seedlings per 667m2. Timely grafting: There are a lot of tannins in the chestnut branches, and grafting is not easy to survive. Therefore, we must choose a good period and pay attention to the grafting method to increase the survival rate. Autumn 8-October, suitable for budding. In the spring, 20 days before germination, sap can be piled and cut before sap is fully circulated. With the use of subcutaneous access, the graft should be grafted after approximately 20 days of sprouting of the rootstock after the new sap has fully developed. Scions should be harvested before germination as early as possible, stored in sand at low temperature in the shade, and can also be stored in the freezer under certain conditions. Fourth, land preparation and afforestation The slopes can be fully site-graded, slopes should be built into horizontal terraces, and large slopes should be taken from fish scale pits. Planting density, generally afforestation is 22-33 plants per 667 square meters, spacing is 56m to 45m. Basal fertilizer should be applied before afforestation, and 2-3 year old seedlings with complete root system should be used. When the roots are planted, they should be exposed on the ground. Do not plant them too deeply. After planting irrigation, cover the nest again. V. Lilin Management Lilin Management mainly focuses on water and soil conservation, water and fertilizer management, and pruning and shaping. Digging a 33cm-deep trench in a chestnut tree plate and deep-growing organic fertilizer, during the growth period of chestnut, cultivating and weeding should be carried out in February-March, June-July and August-September, to promote the growth results, "Chunshu, Xia Sha Wan, In the autumn, the chestnut is big." Applying effective nitrogen fertilizer 2-3 times in combination with ploughing. Chestnuts are empty, which is caused by lack of boron. It can be used to apply borax 0.5kg during the autumn and winter ring fertilization, or spraying 0.2% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the flowering period for extra-root dressing. Chestnut plastic surgery, generally use trunk evacuation layered shape, can enable the evacuation of the crown, good air permeability, is conducive to tree growth and fruiting. During plastic surgery, the height of the stem was about 0.8m, and the trunk continued to be extended. As the central leadership branch, three strong branches with an angle of 60 degrees were selected as the first main branch, and the distance between the layers was maintained within 30cm. With the growth of the central leadership branch, select two branches up to 1m above the main branch of the first floor and two branch branches of the first floor to make the second branch main branch, and select from the main branch of the second floor upward about 0.6m. - 2 branches for the third main cap. At the same time, select the lateral branches on the main branch, leaving 3 on the first branch, 2 to 3 on the second, and 1-2 on the third. Collaterals should be staggered up and down to avoid overlap. After the pruning method, the pruning method is mainly used to eliminate dense branches, thin and weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches, and the remaining branches are generally not trimmed. China Agricultural Network Editor
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