Winter Wheat Cultivation and Management in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

I. Selection of species Geographical and ecological conditions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are diverse. There are significant differences in the types of wheat varieties promoted in different regions. Therefore, how to select good varieties according to local conditions is an important measure to seize the high yield and quality of wheat. During the wheat growing season in this area, the rainfall is more, and the distribution is uneven. The wheat is seriously damaged in the late growth period, and the light is insufficient. The main cultivars should be predominantly spring precocious, and the sheath blight, powdery mildew, scab, ear sprouting. Has better resistance. Among them, Jiangsu Red River soft wheat varieties such as Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 9 should be selected along the rivers in Jiangsu, Jianghuai, and Jianghuai areas in Anhui Province, while white soft areas should be used in areas along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province and southern Henan Province. Mainly wheat, such as buckwheat 48 and so on. Second, the sowing date and sowing date have a significant impact on wheat yield and quality. Proper sowing is beneficial to increase yield, reduce protein content, increase grain plumpness and bulk density, normal maturity, and reduce the occurrence of ear sprouting. Delaying the sowing date not only affected the yield, but also increased the grain protein content and wet gluten content. At the later stage, due to high temperature ripening, the plumpness of the grain decreased, and the possibility of damaging the rain during the harvest period increased. The yield and quality were both improved. unfavorable. It is generally believed that the spread of wheat fields in the Yangtze and Huaihe River valleys is due to the high density and the emphasis on basal fertilizer, which is beneficial to reducing the protein content of wheat. The experimental results of the College of Agriculture of Yangzhou University also showed that the spring wheat cultivars with weak gluten increased their density, and their grain yield and protein content decreased. In wheat fields with large seeding rates, the risk of lodging is also increased, which may seriously affect the grain plumpness and increase the protein content. Third, fertilizer and water management 1. Fertilization period and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer application period has a great impact on the quality of wheat. Within a certain range, grain protein content and wet gluten content increase with nitrogen application, which is very unfavorable for stabilizing the quality of weak gluten wheat. A reasonable amount of nitrogen should be analyzed from the perspective of high quality, high productivity and high efficiency. During the nitrogen application period of soft wheat, the base fertilizer should be used as the basis, and a small amount of seedlings and green manure should be applied in accordance with the situation. The jointing stage and panicle fertilizer should not be applied and spraying of nitrogen-containing foliar fertilizer should be avoided at the later stage so as not to increase protein content. quality. According to the research of the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, weak gluten wheat should be appropriately reduced in the proportion of nitrogen applied in the middle and later stages. Basal fertilizer: balance fertilizer: The ratio of jointing fertilizer is 7:1:2 nitrogen fertilizer. The use of Ningmai 9 can be produced in accordance with the national weak Gluten special wheat standard wheat grain products achieve high quality and high yield. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate during grain filling is beneficial to increase grain plumpness. 2. Irrigation and Drainage During heading to maturity, precipitation, irrigation, and soil moisture have a significant effect on wheat quality. Relevant studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between precipitation and wheat protein content. The grain protein content of wheat in China gradually decreases from north to south with increasing precipitation and relative humidity. During grain filling, the rainfall is too large and the soil water is too much. It is easy to inject nitrate into the roots of wheat, which results in insufficient supply of nitrogen, causes premature root failure, affects photosynthesis, and decreases both yield and protein content. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the effect of irrigation on wheat quality is also related to the irrigation period and the number of times. Generally, with the increase of irrigation volume, the increase of irrigation times and the delay of watering time, the yield increases, and the grain protein content decreases. Disease Prevention and Control Pests and diseases not only affect wheat yield but also affect grain quality. Wheat damaged by rust, sheath blight, powdery mildew, etc., has shrunken grain weight, decreased bulk density, and increased protein content. The common occurrence of wheat scab on wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has a great influence on wheat yield and quality. Gibberella grains are imperfect grains in commercial wheat, and when they exceed a certain number, they become foreign products, and the value of their products is greatly reduced. Therefore, high quality wheat production should strengthen the prevention and treatment of wheat diseases. 5. Grains harvested during harvesting and harvesting in the event of rain sprouting, the proportion of insoluble glutenin decreased, the activity of amylase increased, and the falling value decreased significantly. No matter which food was made, it was not suitable. Therefore, good quality wheat should be harvested in good weather.

Posted on November 13, 2018