Principle of high frequency electric knife -- electric shock and electric cutting The principle of using a high-frequency electrosurgical unit in the operating room is very similar to these. The high frequency electric knife generates high voltage and high frequency current. The circuit includes a high frequency electric knife, a knife pen, a patient's body and a negative plate. The current flows from the high-frequency electric knife, enters the human body through the lance, and then flows back from the negative plate to the machine. When current flows through the body, it generates huge amounts of heat to overcome the body's tissues. Bipolar coagulation The two legs of the bipolar coagulation dice concentrate the output pole and the loop pole respectively, so the bipolar coagulation can form a loop by itself without the negative plate . Therefore, in bipolar surgery, it is not necessary to use a negative plate. This is a big difference between unipolar and bipolar zui. In bipolar coagulation surgery, the output pole of the high-frequency current and its circuit are in the surgical area. The two legs of the bipolar electrocoagulation force perform two functions of output and circuit respectively, so the current is only on these two feet. The flow between the tissues does not affect other parts of the body. However, the voltage in bipolar coagulation surgery is more than electric cut and electrocoagulation, and its voltage peak can exceed 9000V . Monopolar electrocoagulation In unipolar surgery, the output of the high frequency current is at the surgical wound, ie on the activation electrode. The negative plate is attached to the rest of the body outside the wound, and is generally a place rich in muscle. During the operation, current flows from the knife of the electrosurgical knife and flows out of the negative plate through the body, thus forming a complete high-frequency circuit. Only when a complete high-frequency circuit is formed can there be electrical or electrocoagulation, so in unipolar surgery, we must use a negative plate. The output voltage of the monopole cut is about 6000V , and the output voltage of the monopolar coagulation is about 6000--7000V . From electric cutting to hybrid cutting to electrocoagulation, the voltage gradually increases. Due to its practical efficiency and convenience, unipolar electric coagulation is the common surgical method used by Zui. The difference between electric cutting and electrocoagulation The effect of the final thermal effect of determining a high-frequency current is the waveform of its current and the amount of heat it generates. When we use a continuous high-frequency current waveform, the current generates a large amount of heat and a very high temperature in an instant, which causes the tissue to vaporize and separate the tissue. This is what we often call the " electric cut " effect. When the current waveform of the output is intermittent, the amount of heat generated instantaneously is greatly reduced, and the temperature is relatively low, which is insufficient for the vaporization of the tissue and only the effect of scalding, that is, the effect of " coagulation " . The current waveform of the electric cut is a continuous high frequency waveform, and the electrocoagulation is a pulse type high frequency current waveform, and the mixed current waveform is between the two. The voltage of the electric cutting is low , but the waveform is dense and the energy is high ; The energy of electrocoagulation is low but the output voltage is high ; Effect of different high frequency current waveforms on surgical outcome The high frequency electric knife can output high frequency currents of various waveforms. When the high-frequency current waveform changes, the cutting effect of the current on the tissue also changes. When we use a fixed high-frequency current such as " electric cutting " , the high-frequency electric knife instantaneously generates a large amount of heat, which can vaporize the cells and cut the tissue. When we make the electric knife output a periodic high-frequency current, such as " coagulation " , the waveform of this current generates less heat per unit time, so unlike the effect of cell vaporization, the tissue burns Shows the effect of electrocoagulation. When the high-frequency electric knife outputs a mixed waveform between " electric cutting " and " coagulation " , the thermal effect of the high-frequency current on the human tissue is also between " electric cutting " and " electrocoagulation " . There are three kinds of " hybrid cutting " modes for high-frequency electric knives . From " mixing and cutting 1" to " mixing and cutting 3" , the factors of electric cutting are gradually reduced, the factors of electrocoagulation are gradually increasing, and the high-frequency effect is also from " electric cutting." " Steering " electrocoagulation " .
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