Straw cultivation of Agaricus bisporus technology
The strains selected for the strain must undergo mushrooming experiments before they can be used in large areas. Appearance must have mycelium thick, thick, uniform, no growth interruption, no bacterial infection, no pests. Before the mushroom house is disinfected and fed, it is necessary to remove the mushroom house and interior items and then sterilize it. General use of fumigation disinfection method, 10 ml of formaldehyde per cubic meter, 5 grams of potassium permanganate, closed for 24 hours, and then open the window exhaust. When the mushroom room is odorless, the culture material can be moved into the mushroom house. Poorly sealed, 50 times the lime sulfur can be sprayed around the walls and mushroom bed. In order to promote the composting of cultivating materials, cultivating materials should pay attention to: the quality and rational formulation of raw materials, and the use of fermentation techniques to make the culture materials fully decomposed by actinomycetes. The ingredients used to grow the mushrooms must be fresh, dry, and free of mildew. The formulation of the culture medium needs to be performed according to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen required for mushroom growth (generally 33:1 before fermentation) and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (generally 4:1.2:3). The formulation of culture materials should be based on the raw materials in the region in accordance with the reasonable requirements of carbon and nitrogen ratio. The materials used for sowing and planting culture materials are removed 1 to 2 days before demolition, and the heap tables are treated with disinfectants and insecticides. When the temperature of the material to be cooled is reduced to about 28°C after the stacking, the culture material is laid in the material tank, and the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the material is evenly spread on the surface of the material or be sown or drilled. Then lay 3.3 cm thick culture material, and finally heat and moisturize the bacteria. After the sowing stage of sowing, it is necessary to maintain good ventilation conditions and suitable temperature and humidity of the mushroom house. Maintain the temperature of 22-24; air relative humidity of 65% -75%; through the appropriate opening of the window or remove the film ventilation and pay attention to moisturizing. Cover soil to take soil below 30 cm, sifting into coarse soil and fine soil. Exposure for 2 days before use, add 1%-2% lime or sprinkling formaldehyde to kill pests and diseases. Adjust the soil to semi-wet, cover with 3-4 centimeters of coarse soil, beat with a wooden board, and then make the soil moisture content 60% -65%, cover soil 7-10 days, when the mycelium unearthed 1/2, then cover again 1 cm fine soil, dry above by hand to make the thickness uniform. After covering the soil, drill holes in the material surface and properly ventilate. Early stage moisturizing (relative humidity 75%), using two light, medium water spray method, each time you spray, you should open the doors and windows for ventilation. Reduce the temperature, keep it at 12 °C -18 °C. After mushroom collection management, each mushroom can receive 4-5 mushroom. Each tide mushroom can continue for several days. The interval between the two mushrooms is the adjustment period, during which the dead mushrooms and residues on the surface of the material are cleaned, water spray and topdressing are applied. Mainly include: mushroom soup, spray gray water, salt water, soy milk juice, and carrot juice. The management during the winter is mainly heat preservation and ventilation. Usually spray water once every 7-8 days to keep the soil surface white (about 15% moisture content). The indoor temperature is maintained at 3°C-4°C. In normal weather, the window is opened every day for 2-3 hours. By mid-March, when the temperature is stable at more than 10°C, water and nutrients can be adjusted. When the temperature reaches 15°C-25°C, it is the best time for spring mushrooming. Harvest mushroom cover diameter 2-4 cm, mushroom ring is not broken, mushroom umbrella is not open harvest. Diseases and Insect Pests and Their Prevention and Control Mushroom pests and diseases shall follow the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, and shall use technologies such as agriculture, chemistry, physics, and biology for comprehensive prevention and control. Biological control can use agricultural antibiotics to control bacterial viruses, improve the disease resistance, yield and quality of mushrooms. Parasitic nematodes are used to control flies, ticks and eye mosquitoes. Prevention methods are mainly to do a good job mushroom house, culture material disinfection, post-fermentation, pay attention to mushroom house hygiene, due to different diseases and insect pests, appropriate medication. Chemical control: Mushroom cultivation does not promote the use of pharmaceuticals, especially in the mushrooming period, when pesticides must be used, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, harmless human, animal and mushroom medicines should be used, and appropriate concentrations should be mastered for appropriate control. (Source: Modern Rural News)