High quality and high yield cultivation techniques for hybrid rice
Serious selection of thoroughbred varieties The hybrid rice combinations currently being promoted throughout the country include double-cropping early rice, late-season double-season rice, early-season mid-season rice, late-season mid-season rice, and hybrid japonica rice. Different hybrid rice combinations have different adaptation ranges and performance characteristics. At present, the planting area of ​​hybrid rice is above 95%, and only hybrid rice seeds need more than 6 million kilograms per year in Xinyang City. Some unscrupulous traders sell fake seeds and inferior seed, and horde farmers harm farmers. Therefore, they remind peasant friends that they can't just listen to the distributor’s propaganda for a certain species when purchasing the seed, and they must also carefully check whether the variety has passed the provincial certification. It is not advisable to purchase carefully so as not to cause unnecessary losses. Scientific Immersion Seed Priming If the hybrid rice seed germination method is improper, it is easy to burn buds, but if you have mastered the correct germination method, you can avoid burning buds. Since hybrid rice seeds are selected from the male parent and female parent through a series of seed production techniques, they have their own characteristics. Before seed soaking, the seeds were sunned for 1 day, then soaked in bactericide solution such as carbendazim for 12 hours to kill germs on the seed epidermis, and then repeatedly washed with water, and soaked until the water became clear. Generally soaked for 3 days to allow the seeds to fully absorb enough water. Because of the respiration of the seed, and with various medicinal liquids and hormones on the seed coat, the water can become rancid and accompanied by unpleasant odors when soaked. These are normal phenomena. Wash with water 3 to 4 times a day. After 3 days, the seeds were panned clean, and then the seeds were preheated with water of 50°C to 60°C. The seeds were wrapped in wet sacks and placed in a container such as a cylinder. The surrounding was fully insulated with straw and other materials to keep the temperature at 35°C. °C ~ 38 °C, so that rice sprouts can be prompted in 24 hours. After the emergence of rice buds, the respiration of the seed is enhanced, and a large amount of heat is released, which is the most prone to sprouting. At this time, it is immediately cooled to 28°C. Under this condition, when the shoots grow to the length of the grains and the roots grow to 1/2 of the grain length, the seeds are spread out and the seedlings are allowed to sow for 1 day under natural conditions. Determination of appropriate sowing dates According to the survey, there are many early sowings by farmers, sowing in early April and raising them in open air conditions. In the early spring, the climate change is erratic and rotten buds often occur. Replanting after rotting buds will cause unnecessary losses to production. Therefore, we must not blindly broadcast in the morning. The critical temperature for rice growth and development is 12°C. The meteorological data for many years indicate that the temperature in Xinyang City is stable at 12°C after April 20th. Therefore, the sowing date of spring rice in southern Henan is in mid-April and the sowing date of wheat in late April. It is very reasonable to meticulously nurture the strong agricultural land reclamation. Experiments have shown that the same combination of hybrid rice seeds, due to the different quality seedlings, the yield difference will reach a very significant level. Breeding strong seedlings is one of the main measures to seize the high yield of rice. Here are just a few simple ways to nurture your team. First, two sections of the greenhouse breeding method South Henan Province has ready-made vegetable greenhouses and chicken hatching greenhouse available for use. Prepare a 70-cm square plate with bamboo pieces, spread the plastic film, and spread the seeds of the sprouts on a sash plate with a thickness of 0.5 cm and put them into the greenhouse. The indoor temperature is maintained at about 28°C. If the temperature is too low, coal stoves can be used to heat water in the room. About 7 days in the greenhouse, when the young seedlings are in one leaf, the seedlings can be planted in one day. Second, the two methods of breeding in the dike method in front of the house and the vegetable garden sunny place with fertilizer soil and river sand by 1:1 ratio of mixing, making a width of 130 cm of the pool, the length depends on the amount of seed, east-west direction, easy lighting. Will promptly spread the seeds of good buds, usually 70 cm long sprinkle 0.5 kg of seeds, cover fine soil, spray water with a watering can. Then use a bamboo scaffold to form a scaffold and cover the membrane. On sunny days, the two sides of the earthen pond will be opened and ventilated. When the temperature is low in rainy weather, the temperature can be increased. A kettle is used to burn a kettle, and a plastic pipe is inserted into the pool on the spout. The method of heating is simple and effective, 7 to 8 days, when the seedlings are planted. Third, the transplanting method is used to finely level the paddy field and apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre at a time. It is better to use decomposed organic fertilizer and human waste. After a series of land preparations were made, a 130 cm-wide field was put into the field, and the individual plants planted in the greenhouse or in the pond were neatly discharged into the field. Spring rice row spacing is 3 cm 3 cm, wheat straw rice row spacing is 5 cm 5 cm. After transplanting, keep the surface moist and limpid without water. After returning green, pour thin water. Apply 10 kg of urea per acre before the three-leaf stage to make a weaning fertilizer. Apply 7 to 8 kg of urea per acre for 7-8 days before transplanting. fat. After 35 days of age, they can be transplanted to Honda. To ensure that the closely planted hybrid rice has the characteristics of strong ability to deliver, the farmers in the south of Henan Province called it "a planted plant," meaning planting a single plant. This is not correct. In the survey, it was found that many fields were transplanted at a low density, most of which were 33 cm square, and single and single-seedlings, and even transplanted, which resulted in less than 10,000 holes per acre and an effective ear of about 100,000. To increase the yield potential of hybrid rice and obtain high yields. Moreover, the purity of hybrid rice seeds is 96%. It can also be said that 4% of a rice field is a miscellaneous plant or a male sterile line, and a sterile line is not a knot, which also results in a reduction in yield. Under the existing cultivation techniques, transplanting plant spacing is 22 cm 26 cm or 20 cm 26 cm, 11,000 to 13,000 holes per mu, and planting two millet seedlings per hole can ensure sufficient effectiveness. Spike and get high yield. Strengthen field management First, fertilizer and water management will be applied at the same time, and organic fertilizer may be added if conditions permit. 5 to 7.5 kilograms of urea were applied per acre five days after transplanting, and 5 kg of urea per acre was used as panicle fertilizer for heading and flowering. Foliar spraying was also available. After transplanting, the shallow water layer shall be maintained. 25 to 30 days into the flood season, the field shall be drained, sun dried and cracked in the field, and the white root will turn over, the leaf color will turn green, and the tillering will stop. Feitian and Mong Tin must re-sunshine, and thin fields and weak fields should lighten the sun. After the field is finished, it should be timely watered, keep the shallow water layer till the heading grain filling period, and after the grouting is finished, it can naturally dry to maturity. II. Diseases, Insects and Weed Control The main pests during the seedling stage are rice thrips, rice weevil and so on. Each can use 10% of a blue (imidacloprid) 20 g spray. Phytophthora infestans can be sprayed with 5% carbendazim on water. During the period of Honda, pests such as S. japonicum, S. japonicum, and C. membranaceus can be controlled with 30% methamidophos acetate. Rice false smut can be controlled by 50% carbendazim, and weed control can be used to prevent the weeds with high safety and no residual high-efficiency herbicide 50%. The timely harvesting of the harvested land reclamation farmer said that “eight mature and ten mature and ten mature and eighty crops†means that after the rice is fully cooked, it will cause the grain to fall and reduce the harvest during the harvesting process. General hybrid rice has matured 30 days after heading (individual combinations between 40 and 45 days), and generally can be harvested after the upper part of the ear is yellow and ripe. To catch the rice harvest season, after the beginning of autumn, southern Henan climate changeable, cold air activities frequent, even the rainy weather increased, to grab the sunny harvest, drying storage, so as to avoid the rain caused by sprouting, mildew and affect the quality of rice.