Synonyms Dietary essential Minerals; Macro- and microminerals; Electrolytes; Trace elements Definition Mineral nutrients are inorganic substances that must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide variety of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the body. Mineral nutrients are sometimes categorized according to the amount required in the human diet to maintain good nutrition. Macrominerals is a general term encompassing both bulk minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), which are required to be ingested by humans in amounts of hundreds of milligrams to several grams per day. Microminerals or trace elements (including iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium , iodine, chromium, molybdenum) are required in amounts of a few milligrams or less per day. The latter members of this group, which are required only in amounts of micrograms per day, are sometimes referred to as ultratrace elements.
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The amount of morning and evening topping and the number of toppings should in principle be based on species, tree vigor and pruning methods. During the flowering period, the shoots can stop growing for 10-15 days, so that the nutrients flow to the inflorescence, which can ensure good pollination and increase the fruit setting rate. Strong and robust growth results in the branches above the inflorescence leaving 4-6 leaves topping, extending the branches to leave 12-20 leaves topping, leaving the branches to leave 10-15 leaves topping, which is conducive to promoting fruit ripening and accelerating lignification. When budding grows too prosperous, it is necessary to carry out many toppings to control shoot growth and reduce nutrient consumption.
The tip of the secondary tip is treated to remove all the secondary tips of the lower part of the ear, leaving 1-4 leaves topping at the upper part, and the secondary tip to be removed later, except for leaving the uppermost one of the vines. In the development of the vine on the apical 2-3 leaves left to pick up the heart, if the spike after germination, can be retained, otherwise only the top one, all the rest removed.
Ring peeling In the middle of the next section of the ear, a small knife or ring peeler is used to peel the 3-5 mm cortex around the dendrite.
To remove tendrils and bind vines to conserve tree nutrients, the rolls must be removed as much as possible. The 2-3 young tendrils at the tip are best preserved to maintain the growth point advantage. When the new shoots are extended by more than 25 cm, they must be removed. In order to prevent dendrite branching and uneven surface distribution, the fence is generally tied 30-40 cm in a branch, the scaffolding is generally tied at 1 m.
When the leaves are picked to improve the light conditions near the ear, a portion of the old leaves should be removed to promote the coloration of the fruit. The leaves are generally picked when the fruit becomes soft.
Summer grape pruning technology
In addition to tip shoots usually occur from grape buds to inflorescences, the sooner the shoots are removed, the less nutrient is consumed. The method is: the germination, co-producing buds, fine and weak buds, diseased and diseased buds, over-close buds, and less-responsive buds on trunk and old vines are all removed, so that the retained buds are evenly distributed, grow robustly, and promote results.