Money Turtle Culture Technology

Money Turtle Culture Technology

The name of the money turtle is three-lined shell turtle (Cyclemys trifasciata), commonly known as the three-edge shell turtle, red belly turtle, gold head turtle, etc., in the animal taxonomy belongs to the reptilia, turtle head, turtle family. Because of its body is a treasure and become one of China's traditional export goods. It not only has delicious flesh and taste, but also has the effect of nourishing yin, reducing phlegm, reinforcing kidney, strengthening bones and bones in medicine, and can treat bone tuberculosis, joint tuberculosis, chronic osteomyelitis, rheumatism, pain, disease, chronic phlegm, and uterine bleeding. Spermatorrhea, sore throat, etc., is a precious medicine. In recent years, it has become a popular item in Hong Kong and Macau markets. Because the money turtle has the characteristics of wide feeding, strong resistance to disease and hunger, and strong living ability, it is easier to artificially raise the money turtle, convenient management, less investment, wide market, and large income, and it is a road to increase income. In China, money turtles are mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan Island and Fujian. The shape characteristics are: the head is smooth and scaleless, the tympanic membrane is obvious and round; the angle plate of the neck is long and narrow, the first piece of the vertebral plate is pentagonal, the fifth piece is fan-shaped, the remaining three pieces are triangular, and the rib angle plate is four on each side. Edge horn plate 11 on each side; back brown, with 3 black longitudinal edges; plastron black, its edge corners with yellow; carapace and plastron on both sides with ligaments, plastron in the chest, ventral plate It is also connected by transverse ligaments; it has a ridge between the fingers and the toes; the tail is short and pointed. Money turtles live in hilly areas, inhabiting wet and quiet places such as grass and streams, and feed on snails, clams, small fish, shrimps, snails, scarabs, and young leaves and seeds of plants. The money turtle is a variable-temperature animal. It feeds frequently during May-October. It mates in the fall and lays eggs between June and July of the following year. When the temperature drops below 15° C. after November, it stops its activity and enters hibernation. The artificial breeding of money turtles began in 1984 and many breeding experiences have now been accumulated. The main methods for artificially raising money turtles are described below. (II) Feeding management 1. The construction of turtle ponds should be hatched with hatchlings, turtles, and turtles in separate ponds to avoid turtles swallowing small turtles. It is also convenient to determine the amount of feeds fed and the feeding and management work to facilitate observation and Master the growth and activity of various types of turtles. (1) Baby Turtle Pond: Generally raised in cement pools, this method is applicable to general professional households and small-scale farms. According to the living characteristics of the money turtle, the rearing pond should be built in a place sheltering from the sun. The size of the pond can be determined according to needs. A wall is built at about 2 meters away from the pool to prevent the turtle from escaping; an island can also be built in the center of the pond. For use in money turtle activities; small islands and places where the open space around the pool extends into the pool should have a certain slope to facilitate the use of money turtles to climb onto the island or open space outside the pool for resting, feeding, and spawning; the bottom of the pool A water outlet should be provided for changing the water; on the open space at the bottom of the pool and on the outside of the pool should be covered with about 30 cm thick sand, and some plant shade will be planted to facilitate the summer cooling and heatstroke prevention. Due to the high price of money turtles, some farmers have achieved good results by raising ponds in indoor pools for safety and ease of management. Indoor turtle ponds are also constructed of concrete, generally rectangular, with a 2/3 length slope. The floor of the pool and the walls are covered with beige or lake blue glazed tiles for easy cleaning and keeping clean. According to experience, an indoor concrete pool of 1.5mx0.6mx0.6m can store about 30 small money turtles. (2) Adult Turtle Pond: According to the characteristics of the money turtle turtle, warm water, mild temperament, timidity, hole, easy to escape and other characteristics to build the pool. Select a place where the sand is soft, leeward, water is abundant, not easy to be contaminated, secluded and shaded. Use cement to build the pool. The size of the rearing pond can be determined by the size of the site and the number of turtles raised. A 50-cm-high wall must be made of stones or bricks around the pool 1 to 2 meters away. The walls should be 70-80 cm deep. The walls must be smooth. Barbed wire should be installed at the inlet and outlet of the pool to prevent turtles. Escape. A 6 to 7 square metre island was built in the center of the pond for turtle activities. There must be a certain degree of slope (1:2 or more) between the open space between the wall and the rearing pond and the place where the small island extends into the pond, so that it is convenient for the turtle to go ashore and move up on the island. The storage depth of the rearing pond is generally about 1.5 meters. The bottom of the pool should be covered with 20-40 centimeters of sand, and the open space between the wall and the pool should also be covered with a slightly damp sandy soil of about 60 centimeters thick. In addition, some flowers, grasses, and small shrubs can be planted in the open space around the pool and on the islands for shade and habitat. It is also possible to install some lights so that the staff can observe the turtle's activities at night, and farmers can raise turtles indoors. The indoor turtle pool is almost the same as the indoor turtle pool, but the area is much larger. (3) Breeding ponds: The breeding ponds are basically constructed as turtle ponds. In general, the breeding pond can also be used as a turtle pond, and it is not until the breeding season that the adult turtle is removed. This can increase the efficiency of the pool. Breeding ponds should be kept as quiet as possible. The turtle's stocking density is much smaller than that of adult turtles. During spawning, the sand around the pool should be kept moist and water should not accumulate; in case of drought, it should be properly watered to keep the sand moist. The breeding pond must be built outdoors, and there are no real examples of successful breeding of turtles indoors. 2. Feed and feeding nutrient conditions are one of the factors that have a great influence on artificially cultivated money turtles. The money turtle has a wide appetite. For artificial rearing, animal feeds such as small fish, shrimp, minced meat, snail meat, quail, cooked and chopped animal organs should be used, and vegetable feeds such as rice and vegetables should be used. auxiliary. In addition, a variety of vitamins, trace elements, and calcium can also be properly added to the feed to ensure that the nutrient content of the feed is comprehensive, avoiding the growth and development of the money turtle, or producing anorexia. Newly acquired or newly caught money turtles should be bred in separate ponds according to their weight, so that different amounts and quality feeds can be bred in order to maximize their production capacity and maintain the health of the money turtle. Each year in May-November is the active eating period of the money turtle, but also its weight gain period, especially in July and September, the fastest weight gain, so 3 months should be provided with adequate nutrients, so that they eat more quickly. However, if the amount of feed is too high, money turtles cannot digest and absorb them completely, resulting in feed costs and increased breeding costs. The quality and quantity of the above feeds are not always the same, and should be increased or decreased in different seasons and at different growth stages of the money turtles. Feeding should be increased near the time of hibernation; before the mating phase of the money turtle and during the mating period, feeds rich in protein and easily digested, and vitamins A, D, E, and K should be fed to produce high quality turtles. The germ cells thus increase fertility and reproduction rates. Regular feeding can make money turtles develop good eating habits, regularly secrete digestive juices, promote digestion and absorption of feed, and is conducive to the growth and development of money turtles. According to the life characteristics of the money turtle, spring and autumn seasons should be fed before and after noon, and summer should be fed at 17 to 19:00. The feed should be placed on a feed table outside the rearing pond. This not only facilitates money turtles feeding, but also allows the breeder to understand the feeding situation of the money turtle, so that the next feeding amount can be increased or decreased as appropriate, and it is also easy to clean. Food residue, prevent feed spoilage. Feeds must be fresh and must not be used to produce moldy stinky feeds, so as not to contaminate the water in the rearing pond and cause the turtle to become ill. The water in the rearing ponds should be replaced once a day in the summer; the spring and autumn seasons can be changed once every 3 to 5 days. 3. Management of hibernating money turtle is a temperature-changing animal. The influence of environmental temperature on its life activities is extremely obvious. After November each year, when the temperature drops below 15°C, the money turtle will lurk in the sediment at the bottom of the pool and stay in a hibernating state. At this time, the metabolism of the money turtle is slow and weak. The nutrients stored before the winter are sufficient to maintain this weak life activity. Therefore, in the hibernation period of the money turtle, it is generally not necessary to feed feed or change water. However, when the temperature drops below 6°C, artificial insulation measures should be taken to prevent the turtle from being frozen to death. At the same time, we must also pay attention to preventing natural enemies of the money turtle from harming. (III) Breeding Techniques 1. Identification of male and female money turtles Female turtles have flat plastrons, thick and short tails, short and thick torso, and no odor. Male turtles have slightly concave genitalia, and their tails are relatively slender. Thin, thick smell. The more reliable and accurate method of identification is to seize the adult turtle during the breeding season of the money turtle, and when the turtle's limbs and head and tail both want to retreat into the shell, squeeze the head and limbs with his fingers to prevent it from coming into contact with the turtle. It takes time to breathe. At this time, the turtle excretes the paracrine water inside the vent hole, and then the genitalia slowly protrudes outwards. If only the wrinkles on the outside wall protrude from the female, it is a female turtle; if there is a blood-filled swelling, it is brown-violet. Turtles are male turtles. If males are in the mating season, the male turtles will also have milky white semen. 2, artificial breeding money turtle growth is slow, generally more than 6 instar gonads mature, began to mate. When artificial breeding, should be selected as more than 6 instar, strong body as a pro-turtle, male and female turtles 2 to 3:1 ratio of keeping pool, let the turtle free mating. Money turtles are mostly in the evening of October and October of 17th and 18th. The temperature begins at 20-25°C. When the water temperature rises to about 25°C in June of the following year, the female turtle begins to lay eggs. Spawning lasts until the end of July or early August. During the whole period, eggs are produced 3 to 4 times, producing 3 to 4 eggs each time. Usually spawning in the early morning or early evening, and before spawning, the female turtle selects a soft and shallow shoal sand pile or digs into soil under the roots of the tree and grass, then lays eggs in the hole, and then covers the hole with sand and soil. Leave. Under natural conditions, the hatching of the money turtle eggs is easily affected by external natural conditions such as climate, light, natural enemies and other factors, so the incubation time is longer and the hatching rate is lower. When artificial breeding, artificial hatching can be carried out to increase the hatching rate. 3. Eggs hatched by eggs with fresh, good quality and strong embryonic viability are the internal causes of good hatching results, and the external physical conditions that meet the embryonic development are external conditions. Artificial incubation is to create and maintain external conditions that are consistent with the development of the embryo as far as possible, taking into account the inherent factors, so as to hatch as many as possible hatchlings with normal development and robustness. The method of artificial hatching is: during the spawning period of the money turtle, collect the money turtle eggs at any time, and pick out the fresh, non-malformed eggs for hatching. In the incubator (about 30 centimeters high, long and wide depending on the needs of the end) spread the humidity on the hand to squeeze into a group of fine sand about 20 cm thick, and then the selected turtle eggs buried one by 2 to 3 cm deep In the fine sand, cover the wet towel and place the incubator in a well-ventilated place. The incubator was sprayed 1 to 2 times a day, the humidity was maintained at 80%, the temperature was maintained at 25-30C, and hatchlings hatched after 50-60 days. (4) The early feeding of juvenile tortoises is characterized by poor adaptability and resistance to disease. Therefore, care must be taken in particular to care for them. Otherwise, hatchlings may be stunted and they are prone to death. The hatchling hatchling still carries a yolk sac. Within 2 to 3 days, the nutrition of the hatchling is supplied by the yolk sac. Therefore, the hatchling is not required to feed the hatchling. However, it is necessary to dip the baby turtles with 0.5% physiological saline for a while to sterilize them to prevent infection, and then place them in a breeding box with wet and fine sand. 2 After 3 days, fish, shrimp, clams, rice, vegetables, etc. were fed, and attention was paid to cleanliness. About 1 week later, hatchlings that are adapted to the environment and have a strong body are moved into an outdoor breeding pond for rearing. The young hatchlings, which are weaker, are still to be individually cared for and raised. (IV) Prevention of Common Diseases The money turtle has a strong resistance to disease. In the artificial feeding management, the money turtle is rarely sick as long as it is well cleaned. Rats, snakes, and ants are the main natural enemies of the money turtle. In the breeding and management, these natural enemies must be prevented from harm. (5) The processing season of money turtles is summer and autumn. Wild turtles that are caught or reared in the wild can be processed into medicinal herbs. 1. Tortoise shell processing Money turtle's plastron can be processed into turtle shells. Tortoise shell with yin yang, retreat heat and other effects, attending yin deficiency fever, impotence headache, prolonged sputum, nocturnal emission embolism. Processing methods are as follows: (1) Processing of raw turtle shells: kill live turtles, take webs, remove all muscles, wash, dry, or air dry, and call them "blood plates"; if the turtle is boiled with boiling water, it is obtained. The web is called "hot plate". The blood plate has more plastic than the hot plate. Put the blood plate or hot plate into the cylinder and soak in water for 20 (summer) and 40 (winter) days without changing the water, and then remove and wash it until it has no smell and dry it. It can also adopt the "Yeast Yeast Law" which can greatly reduce the processing time and the product quality is still better. Place the blood plate or hot plate in the tank and soak it in water of about 23°C for 2 days, then discard the water and add the Carlsberg tank yeast solution (the amount accounts for 1/6 to 1/3 of the volume of the immersed turtle plate solution). , Add water to the turtle plate, cover the cylinder mouth tightly, after 2 days, a white film appears on the surface of the solution in the cylinder. After 10 days, remove the turtle plate and rinse it with water, and dry it until it has no odor. (2) Processing of vinegar turtle plate: Set the sand in a hot pot and add the washed turtle plate. Scoop up until the surface of the turtle plate is slightly yellow, sieve the sand, remove the turtle shell, and put it in the vinegar basin first (100kg shell plate) 30 kg of vinegar is impregnated slightly, followed by rinsing with water and dried to form a vinegar plate. (3) Processing of turtle shell glue: Put the washed turtle shell into the pan with boiling water several times until the shell plate becomes crunchy, and then crush it to the degree, then the glue in the turtle shell is basically dissolved. Do it. Then combine the filtrates from each decoction, add a little alum powder, and let it stand and filter. Take the supernatant and concentrate it on a slow fire (or add appropriate amount of rice wine and rock sugar to a thick paste) and pour it into special grooves. After being naturally condensed, cut into small pieces and dry it to make turtle shell glue. 2, turtle processing carbon turtle turtle (also known as calcined snake turtle powder) has blood circulation, swelling, detoxification, indications sore throat, abscess, rheumatism, hypertrophic spondylitis. Processing method: The whole money turtle turtle living body is sealed, put in the furnace, surrounded by charcoal fire evenly calcined, do not make it crack or deflated. Calcined until light smoke, remove the cooling, knock the mud, the black turtle into a powder, sifted back. Another processing method is: put the money turtle living body into the pot, covered with iron cover, sealed with mud, put the pot in the furnace, surrounded by charcoal fire evenly calcined oysters, calcined to light blue smoke, remove the cooling, will Turtle carbon research into powder, sifting and standby.

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