Introduction of celery - lettuce - cucumber - cowpea four-year high-efficiency planting mode

In recent years, vegetable cultivation in greenhouses is very hot. In order to improve the planting efficiency of steel frame greenhouses, this paper summarizes the high-efficiency planting pattern of celery-tomato-cucumber-kidney in four years. In the production, we should arrange the mouthwash reasonably, do a good job in variety selection, and master each The cultivation key of the sputum, the total output value of 667m2 can reach 31,000 yuan, and the net profit is more than 20,000 yuan.

I. Import and export arrangements

The first celery, live in early December, listed in mid-March of the following year; the second 茬 lettuce, live in mid-April, listed at the end of May; the third 茬 cucumber, live in early June, mid-June, seedling, July to August Listed in the middle; the fourth cowpea, planted in the middle and late August, and listed in October-November.

Second, the variety selection

For winter celery, it is advisable to choose varieties with strong cold tolerance and good commercial properties, such as yellow crown; spring lettuce should be selected for varieties resistant to pests, diseases, high yields and convulsions, such as Italian lettuce; summer cucumbers should be strong in resistance and high in yield. Varieties, such as Zhongnong 10, Jinza 2, etc.; autumn cowpeas use white kidney beans suitable for Wuhan consumption habits and high yield.

Third, cultivation points

3.1 celery

1 Sowing on the ground.

One week before sowing, the whole land was used for hoeing, the width was 2m and the length was 40m. The application of Batian compound fertilizer as base fertilizer was generally applied at 75kg/667m2. In the first ten days of December, mix the celery with fine sand and spread it on the noodles to keep warm and cold.

2 cultivation management.

The celery needs to be seedlings twice, and the plant spacing should be 3 to 5 cm. During the growth of celery, pay attention to fertilizing and watering, keep the field moist, apply 1 time of fertilizer between 2 waterings, and apply 10~15kg of Entek compound fertilizer every 667m2. Spraying foliar fertilizer and gibberellin 20 days before harvest can significantly increase celery yield. 15 days before harvest, water was given once a week. In the winter snowy weather, the membrane surface should be cleaned in time, which is conducive to the increase of light and heat preservation and the prevention of damage caused by snow on the greenhouse.

3 pest control.

In winter, there are few pests and diseases, and it is usually necessary to prevent it. The main diseases are rickets and gray mold. It is necessary to eliminate the area of ​​water and control the surface humidity; after emergence, spray 2 to 3 times 50% carbendazim WP 500 times to prevent and control.

4 harvest.

When the plant height is about 30cm, it can be harvested and marketed, first harvested first, then harvested small, and ended in about 1 month.

3.2 lettuce

1 Sowing on the ground.

After the celery is harvested, the lettuce is raised. Firstly, the land preparation fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer, and the application rate is generally 75kg/667m2. For the cockroach, the width of the raft is 2m, and the seedling bed is used for seedlings. Before planting, the bottom water should be poured, and a layer of fine sand should be sprinkled on the surface of the clam, and then spread, and the seeding amount is 2 to 3 g/m2.

2 cultivation management.

Lettuce sprouts for 3 to 4 days, and keep the surface moist. When the seedlings pull the word "ten", the seedlings begin. When the lettuce seedlings were 3 leaves and 1 heart, foliar fertilization was carried out by using 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in combination with water spray. When 3 to 5 true leaves are used, the seedlings can be fixed, and the row spacing is 10-20 cm. Watering according to soil moisture, under normal circumstances, water should be poured once every 7 to 10 days, and the amount of water should be increased during the growth period. The fertilization of lettuce is mainly based on the base fertilizer, and the urea can be applied 10~15kg/667m2 during the growth period.

3 pest control.

The main diseases are soft rot and downy mildew. Strengthen field management and enhance plant disease resistance. Downy mildew can be used alternately with 72% cream urea·manganese zinc wettable powder 750 times solution, 58% nail cream·manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times solution, 10% Kejia (cyanosazole) suspension agent 2000 times solution, 50 % enoylmorpholine wettable powder 2000 times liquid and other fungicides, sprayed evenly. Soft rot can be used alternately with 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 3000 times solution, 3% bacteriocin wettable powder 1000 times solution, 77% can kill (copper hydroxide) wettable microparticle powder 500 times solution, 50 % succinated acid copper WP 1000 times liquid and other agents.

The main pests are aphids and small tigers. The aphids can alternately use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times solution, 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution and the like. The small tiger can be controlled with 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times.

4 harvest.

Lettuce generally grows for 40 to 50 days, and should be harvested in time to prevent plant aging and commercial decline.

3.3 cucumber

1 Soil preparation.

After the lettuce is harvested, clean the noodles and fertilize the soil. The application of Batian compound fertilizer as base fertilizer is generally applied at 75 kg/667 m2. The cucumber is taken live, 2 to 3 seeds per hole, and the row spacing is 50 cm × 25 cm. Covered with thin soil after sowing, it plays a role in moisturizing. When 3 to 4 true leaves are started, the seedlings are fixed, and one strong plant is left in each hole. About 1 week after the seedlings are set, you can truss the vines.

2 cultivation management.

a. Fertilizer management. After the emergence of the seedlings, take the principle of seeing dryness and wetness, and control the watering to prevent the lengthening. After about 1 week of emergence, 0.5% urea solution can be applied, once every 10 days, to achieve the effect of raising seedlings. After the root melon is stable, increase the amount of fertilizer to promote reproductive growth. During the growing season, water should be watered to keep the field moist. During the harvesting period, each time the harvest is 2 to 3 times, the topdressing is performed once, and the general application of urea is 5.0 to 7.5 kg per 667 m2.

The output value of per mu is more than 30,000 yuan, and the high-efficiency cultivation mode of steel frame greenhouses in four years is worth learning.

b. Plant management. When two true leaves are sprayed, ethephon is used to promote female flower development. When 5 to 6 true leaves are used, the frame is led to the vine. Timely management of weeding, weeding, picking and so on.

3 pest control.

The main diseases are downy mildew and powdery mildew. For the selection of pesticides for downy mildew, see 3.23. Powdery mildew can be alternately used with 40% Fuxing (flurhovazole) emulsifiable concentrate 8000 times solution, 10% Shigao (phenylene ether cyclic) water dispersible granule 1000 times solution, 50% ether oxystrobin (Tribe) water dispersible granules 2000 times liquid, 12.5% ​​nitrile emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times liquid and other agents.

The main pests are noctuid pests, melons, scorpions, melons, and whitefly. You can use 5% emamectin EC 2000 times solution to control the night moth pests and melons, and use 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution and 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times to prevent and control the thrips and melons. And whitefly. In the field, blue boards can be hung to prevent and control the thrips and yellow plates to prevent melons and tobacco meal.

4 timely harvest.

Cucumber harvest should be late and should be harvested 30 to 40 days after sowing. The planting mode begins to be harvested in the middle of July, and is harvested once every 1-2 days in the early harvesting period, and can be harvested once in one day.

3.4 kidney beans

1 Soil preparation.

On the basis of the completion of the front hoe cleaning, the ploughing land is 50kg per 667m2 of Shibatian compound fertilizer, and the width is 1.5m (continuous ditch).

2 sowing.

Live broadcast in the middle and late August, planting 1.5 to 2.0kg at 667m2. 2 rows per plant, the plant spacing is 30cm, and 3 to 4 seeds are planted per hole. After sowing, the seedling water is poured.

3 field management.

After the vines, they will stand up and lead the vines in time. After emergence, the seedlings will be fertilized; after flowering and pod-forming, the fertilizer will be applied 2 to 3 times, and 5 to 15 kg of urea will be applied per 667 m2; the pods should be filled with sufficient fertilizer to prevent the loss of water due to lack of water and water. Stem growth declines. Watering is carried out after 16:00, avoiding flooding.

4 pest control.

The main diseases are rust, etc., and the pests include soybean meal and bean curd. See 3.33 for pesticide selection, powdery mildew for rust, melon with bean curd, and melon with cardamom. Pay attention to the safety interval of pesticides and use pesticides alternately.

5 harvest.

When the tender pods are full, but the seed traces have not yet been revealed, it is suitable for harvesting. Generally, harvesting can be started about 40 days after sowing. The output per 667m2 is about 2000kg.

Fourth, economic benefits

According to the output and the general quarter price, the total output value of this cultivation mode can reach 31,000 yuan, the cost is removed, and the net profit exceeds 20,000 yuan, which can bring high economic benefits to farmers.

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